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48747
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48748
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48749
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48750
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Tormey, W. P. and Bruzzi, A. Acute psychosis due to the interaction of legal compounds--ephedra alkaloids in 'vigueur fit' tablets, caffeine in 'red bull' and alcohol. Med Sci Law 2001;41(4):331-336.
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48752
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48753
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48754
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48755
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48756
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48757
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48761
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48762
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48765
Gardner, S. F., Franks, A. M., Gurley, B. J., Haller, C. A., Singh, B. K., and Mehta, J. L. Effect of a multicomponent, ephedra-containing dietary supplement (Metabolife 356) on Holter monitoring and hemostatic parameters in healthy volunteers. Am J Cardiol. 6-15-2003;91(12):1510-3, A9.
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48766
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48771
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48772
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48773
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48774
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48779
Hioki, C., Yoshimoto, K., and Yoshida, T. Efficacy of bofu-tsusho-san, an oriental herbal medicine, in obese Japanese women with impaired glucose tolerance. Clin.Exp.Pharmacol.Physiol 2004;31(9):614-619.
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48780
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48783
Chen-Scarabelli, C., Hughes, S. E., Landon, G., Rowley, P., Allebban, Z., Lawson, N., Saravolatz, L., Gardin, J., Latchman, D., and Scarabelli, T. M. A case of fatal ephedra intake associated with lipofuscin accumulation, caspase activation and cleavage of myofibrillary proteins. Eur J Heart Fail. 2005;7(5):927-930.
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48786
Barker, W. D. and Antia, U. A study of the use of Ephedra in the manufacture of methamphetamine. Forensic Sci Int 3-2-2007;166(2-3):102-109.
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Moawad, F. J., Hartzell, J. D., Biega, T. J., and Lettieri, C. J. Transient blindness due to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following ephedra overdose. South Med J 2006;99(5):511-514.
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Minamizawa, K., Goto, H., Shimada, Y., Terasawa, K., and Haji, A. Effects of eppikahangeto, a Kampo formula, and Ephedrae herba against citric acid-induced laryngeal cough in guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Sci 2006;101(2):118-125.
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48792
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Vigano, M., Lampertico, P., and Colombo, M. Acute hepatitis following assumption of a herbal remedy. Eur.J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2008;20(4):364-365.
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Singh, A., Rajeev, A. G., and Dohrmann, M. L. Cardiomyopathy associated with ephedra-containing nutritional supplements. Congest.Heart Fail. 2008;14(2):89-90.
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48802
Zhang, Y., Chang, J., Zhang, R. M., Liu, L. L., Li, F. S., Jiang, X. Y., Wang, L., Mao, B., and Li, T. Q. [Mahuang Zhisou Capsule in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection of external wind-cold syndrome: a multi-center, randomized controlled, and double-blind trial]. Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Xue.Bao. 2008;6(6):581-585.
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48815
Chen, W. L., Tsai, T. H., Yang, C. C., and Kuo, T. B. Acute effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation in healthy young adults. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 2010;88(1):39-44.
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48816
Chen, W. L., Tsai, T. H., Yang, C. C., and Kuo, T. B. Effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation in healthy young adults. J.Ethnopharmacol. 8-9-2010;130(3):563-568.
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48817
Kim, H. J., Park, J. M., Kim, J. A., and Ko, B. P. Effect of herbal Ephedra sinica and Evodia rutaecarpa on body composition and resting metabolic rate: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in Korean premenopausal women. J.Acupunct.Meridian.Stud. 2008;1(2):128-138.
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48821
Jiang, M. H., Liu, L., Wang, Q. A., Zhan, W. X., and Shu, H. D. [Effects of ephedrine and its analogs on beta-adrenoceptors of rat lung cell membranes]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue.Bao. 1987;8(4):318-320.
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48822
Tinkelman, D. G. and Avner, S. E. Ephedrine therapy in asthmatic children. Clinical tolerance and absence of side effects. JAMA 2-7-1977;237(6):553-557.
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48823
Pasquali, R., Cesari, M. P., Melchionda, N., Stefanini, C., Raitano, A., and Labo, G. Does ephedrine promote weight loss in low-energy-adapted obese women? Int J Obes. 1987;11(2):163-168.
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48826
Dulloo, A. G. and Miller, D. S. Reversal of obesity in the genetically obese fa/fa Zucker rat with an ephedrine/methylxanthines thermogenic mixture. J Nutr 1987;117(2):383-389.
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48828
Zarrindast, M. R., Hosseini-Nia, T., and Farnoodi, F. Anorectic effect of ephedrine. Gen.Pharmacol 1987;18(5):559-561.
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48829
Direkwattanachai, C., Phanichyakarn, P., and Srianujatra, S. Sustained release theophylline and ephedrine therapy in chronic asthma. J Med Assoc Thai 1986;69 Suppl 2:31-37.
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48830
Pasquali, R., Baraldi, G., Cesari, M. P., Melchionda, N., Zamboni, M., Stefanini, C., and Raitano, A. A controlled trial using ephedrine in the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes. 1985;9(2):93-98.
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48831
Dulloo, A. G. and Miller, D. S. The thermogenic properties of ephedrine/methylxanthine mixtures: animal studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;43(3):388-394.
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48833
Astrup, A., Lundsgaard, C., Madsen, J., and Christensen, N. J. Enhanced thermogenic responsiveness during chronic ephedrine treatment in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42(1):83-94.
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48834
Hughes, S. C., Ward, M. G., Levinson, G., Shnider, S. M., Wright, R. G., Gruenke, L. D., and Craig, J. C. Placental transfer of ephedrine does not affect neonatal outcome. Anesthesiology 1985;63(2):217-219.
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48835
Konno, C., Mizuno, T., and Hikino, H. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of ephedrans A, B, C, D and E, glycans of Ephedra distachya herbs. Planta Med 1985;(2):162-163.
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48836
Furukawa, T. and Kuroda, M. [Effects of ephedrine, tyramine and norepinephrine on the blood pressure response to dopamine]. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1974;70(3):377-384.
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48837
Weinberger, M. M. and Bronsky, E. A. Evaluation of oral bronchodilator therapy in asthmatic children. Bronchodilators in asthmatic children. J Pediatr 1974;84(3):421-427.
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48838
Taylor, W. F., Heimlich, E. M., Strick, L., and Busser, R. Ephedrine and theophylline in asthmatic children: quantitive observations on the combination and ephedrine tachyphylaxis. Ann Allergy 1965;23(9):437-440.
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48839
Saito, H. [Mechanisms of reversal of the blood pressure by ephedrine. (1)]. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1977;73(1):73-82.
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48840
Saito, H. [Mechanism of reversal of the blood pressure by ephedrine. (2)]. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1977;73(1):83-92.
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48841
Herridge, C. F. and a'Brook, M. F. Ephedrine psychosis. Br Med J 4-20-1968;2(598):160.
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48842
Unger, D. L. Blood pressure and pulse rate changes in hypertensive asthmatic patients: effects of an ephedrine compound. Ann Allergy 1968;26(12):637-638.
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48843
Roxanas, M. G. and Spalding, J. Ephedrine abuse psychosis. Med J Aust. 11-5-1977;2(19):639-640.
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48845
Dulloo, A. G. and Miller, D. S. Thermogenic drugs for the treatment of obesity: sympathetic stimulants in animal models. Br J Nutr 1984;52(2):179-196.
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48846
Arch, J. R., Ainsworth, A. T., and Cawthorne, M. A. Thermogenic and anorectic effects of ephedrine and congeners in mice and rats. Life Sci 5-24-1982;30(21):1817-1826.
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48847
McLaughlin, E. T., Bethea, L. H., and Wittig, H. J. Comparison of the bronchodilator effect of oral fenoterol and ephedrine in asthmatic children. Ann Allergy 1982;49(4):191-195.
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48849
Wright, R. G., Shnider, S. M., Levinson, G., Rolbin, S. H., and Parer, J. T. The effect of maternal administration of ephedrine on fetal heart rate and variability. Obstet Gynecol 1981;57(6):734-738.
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48850
Yen, T. T., McKee, M. M., and Bemis, K. G. Ephedrine reduces weight of viable yellow obese mice (Avy/a). Life Sci 1-12-1981;28(2):119-128.
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48852
Hikino, H., Konno, C., Takata, H., and Tamada, M. Antiinflammatory principle of Ephedra Herbs. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1980;28(10):2900-2904.
View abstract.
48853
Shaikh, W. A. Ephedrine-saline nasal wash in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995;96(5 Pt 1):597-600.
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48854
Ueda, W., Kataoka, Y., Takimoto, E., Tomoda, M. K., Aono, J., Sagara, Y., and Manabe, M. Ephedrine-induced increases in arterial blood pressure accelerate regression of epidural block. Anesth.Analg. 1995;81(4):703-705.
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48855
Capwell, R. R. Ephedrine-induced mania from an herbal diet supplement. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152(4):647.
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48856
Wang, G. Z. and Hikokichi, O. [Experimental study in treating chronic renal failure with dry extract and tannins of herba ephedra]. Chinsese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 1994;14(8):485-488.
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48857
Shufman, N. E., Witztum, E., and Vass, A. [Ephedrine psychosis]. Harefuah 1994;127(5-6):166-8, 215.
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48858
Hall, P. A., Bennett, A., Wilkes, M. P., and Lewis, M. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: comparison of infusions of phenylephrine and ephedrine. Br.J.Anaesth. 1994;73(4):471-474.
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48859
Lyons, H. A., Thomas, J. S., and Steen, S. N. Theophylline and ephedrine in asthma. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1975;18(4):573-577.
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48860
Pierce, E. T., Carr, D. B., and Datta, S. Effects of ephedrine and phenylephrine on maternal and fetal atrial natriuretic peptide levels during elective cesarean section. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. 1994;38(1):48-51.
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48861
Faurschou, M. and Svendsen, U. G. [The bronchodilating effect of ephedrine tablets in bronchial asthma]. Ugeskr.Laeger 11-15-1993;155(46):3784-3785.
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48862
Bruno, A., Nolte, K. B., and Chapin, J. Stroke associated with ephedrine use. Neurology 1993;43(7):1313-1316.
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48863
Dulloo, A. G. Ephedrine, xanthines and prostaglandin-inhibitors: actions and interactions in the stimulation of thermogenesis. Int J Obes.Relat Metab Disord. 1993;17 Suppl 1:S35-S40.
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48864
Astrup, A. and Toubro, S. Thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular responses to ephedrine and caffeine in man. Int J Obes.Relat Metab Disord. 1993;17 Suppl 1:S41-S43.
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48865
Daly, P. A., Krieger, D. R., Dulloo, A. G., Young, J. B., and Landsberg, L. Ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin: safety and efficacy for treatment of human obesity. Int J Obes.Relat Metab Disord. 1993;17 Suppl 1:S73-S78.
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48867
Hirabayashi, Y., Saitoh, K., Fukuda, H., Mitsuhata, H., and Shimizu, R. Coronary artery spasm after ephedrine in a patient with high spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1996;84(1):221-224.
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48868
Thomas, D. G., Robson, S. C., Redfern, N., Hughes, D., and Boys, R. J. Randomized trial of bolus phenylephrine or ephedrine for maintenance of arterial pressure during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Br.J.Anaesth. 1996;76(1):61-65.
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48869
LaPorta, R. F., Arthur, G. R., and Datta, S. Phenylephrine in treating maternal hypotension due to spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: effects on neonatal catecholamine concentrations, acid base status and Apgar scores. Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand. 1995;39(7):901-905.
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48870
Perrotta DM. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adverse events associated with ephedrine-containing products--Texas, December 1993- September 1995. JAMA 12-4-1996;276(21):1711-1712.
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48872
Cockings, J. G. and Brown, M. Ephedrine abuse causing acute myocardial infarction. Med J Aust 8-18-1997;167(4):199-200.
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48874
Ramsey, J. J., Colman, R. J., Swick, A. G., and Kemnitz, J. W. Energy expenditure, body composition, and glucose metabolism in lean and obese rhesus monkeys treated with ephedrine and caffeine. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68(1):42-51.
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48875
Meston, C. M. and Heiman, J. R. Ephedrine-activated physiological sexual arousal in women. Arch Gen.Psychiatry 1998;55(7):652-656.
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48877
Blau, J. J. Ephedrine nephrolithiasis associated with chronic ephedrine abuse. J Urol. 1998;160(3 Pt 1):825.
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48878
Shekelle P, Morton, S, Maglione, M, and et al. Ephedra and Ephedrine for Weight Loss and Athletic Performance Enhancement: Clinical Efficacy and Side Effects. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 76 (Prepared by Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, RAND, under Contract No 290-97-0001, Task Order No. 9). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Rockville, MD. February, 2003.
48880
Liu YM and Sheu SJ. Determination of Ephedrine alkaloids by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatog 1992;600:370-372.
48882
Martinet A, Hostettmann K, and Schutz Y. Thermogenic effects of commercially available phytotherapy compounds aimed at treating human obesity. Phytomedicine 1999;6(4):S174.
48885
Atkinson RL. The herbal ephedra and caffeine debate continues. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:589.
48886
Munns G and Aldrich C. Ephedrine in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children. JAMA 1927;88:1233.
48887
Gardner R, Hansen A, and Eewing P. Unexpected fatality in a child from accidental consumption of antiasthmatic preparation containing ephedrine, theophylline and phenobarbital. Texas State J Med 1950;46:516-520.
54423
Ryall JE. Caffeine and ephedrine fatality. Bull Int Assoc Forensic Toxicol 1984;17:13.
54429
Rejent T, Michalek R, and Krajewski M. Caffeine fatality with coincident ephedrine. Bull Int Assoc Forensic Toxicol 1981;16:18-19.
81600
Neff, G. W., Reddy, K. R., Durazo, F. A., Meyer, D., Marrero, R., and Kaplowitz, N. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of weight loss diet supplements containing ma huang or usnic acid. J Hepatol. 2004;41(6):1062-1064.
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91807
Kim BS, Song MY, Kim H. The anti-obesity effect of Ephedra sinica through modulation of gut microbiota in obese Korean women. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;152(3):532-9.
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91808
Tang J, Zhou X, Ji H, Zhu D, Wu L. Effects of ephedra water decoction and cough tablets containing ephedra and liquorice on CYP1A2 and the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats. Phytother Res. 2012;26(3):470-4.
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94875
Bajaj J, Knox JF, Komorowski R, Saeian K. The irony of herbal hepatitis: Ma-Huang-induced hepatotoxicity associated with compound heterozygosity for hereditary hemochromatosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2003;48(10):1925-8.
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94876
Charalampopoulos A, Karatsourakis T, Tsiodra P. Acute hepatitis associated with the use of Ma-huang in a young adult. Eur J Intern Med. 2007;18(1):81.
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94877
Skoulidis F, Alexander GJ, Davies SE. Ma huang associated acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;17(5):581-4.
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98441
Drug record: Ma huang. U.S. National Library of Medicine: Livertox Database. https://livertox.nlm.nih.gov/Ephedra.htm. Updated October 16, 2017. Accessed November 1, 2017.
106337
Lai S, Yu C, Dennehy CE, Tsourounis C, Lee KP. Online marketing of Ephedra weight loss supplements: Labeling and marketing compliance with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ban on Ephedra. J Altern Complement Med 2021;27(9):796-802.
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106338
Park YJ, Cominguez DC, Kim HJ, et al. Therapeutic effects of Gambi-jung for the treatment of obesity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021;141:111838.
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