United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., ed. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 19th ed. Englewood, CO: Micromedex Inc., 1999.

Gennaro A. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 19th ed. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

Facts and Comparisons staff. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St Louis: Wolters Kluwer Company (updated monthly).

Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.

Worobec S, LaChine A. Dangers of orally administered para-aminobenzoic acid. JAMA 1984;251:2348.

Zarafonetis CJ, Dabich L, DeVol EB, et al. Potassium para-aminobenzoate and liver function test findings. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;15:144-9. View abstract.

Carson CC. Potassium para-aminobenzoate for the treatment of Peyronie's disease: is it effective? Tech Urol 1997;3:135-9. View abstract.

Zarafonetis CJ, Dabich L, Skovronski JJ, et al. Retrospective studies in scleroderma: skin response to potassium para-aminobenzoate therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1988;6:261-8. View abstract.

Zarafonetis CJ, Dabich L, Negri D, et al. Retrospective studies in scleroderma: effect of potassium para-aminobenzoate on survival. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41:193-205. View abstract.

Clegg DO, Reading JC, Mayes MD, et al. Comparison of aminobenzoate potassium and placebo in the treatment of scleroderma. J Rheumatol 1994;21:105-10. View abstract.

Ludwig G. Evaluation of conservative therapeutic approaches to Peyronie's disease (fibrotic induration of the penis). Urol Int 1991;47:236-9. View abstract.

Hughes CG. Oral PABA and vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;9:770.

Kantor GR, Ratz JL. Liver toxicity from potassium para-aminobenzoate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;13:671-2.

Wiesel LL, Barritt AS, Stumpe WM. The synergistic action of para-aminobenzoic acid and cortisone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med Sci 1951;243-8.

Zarafonetis CJ, Horrax TM. Treatment of peyronie's disease with para-aminobenzoacidic potassium (POTOBA). J Urol 1959;81:770-2.

Pathak MA. Sunscreens: Topical and systemic approaches for protection of human skin against harmful effects of solar radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;7:285-312. View abstract.

Zarafonetis CJ. Darkening of gray hair during para-amino-benzoic acid therapy. J Invest Dermatol 1950;399-401.

Sieve BF. The clinical effects of a new B Complex Factor, para-aminobenzoic acid, on pigmentation and fertility. Southern Medicine & Surgery 1942;135-9.

Jakobsen J, Pedersen AN, Ovesen L. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) used as a marker for completeness of 24 hour urine: effects of age and dosage scheduling. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:138-42. View abstract.

Petri, H., Pierchalla, P., and Tronnier, H. [The efficacy of drug therapy in structural lesions of the hair and in diffuse effluvium--comparative double blind study]. Schweiz.Rundsch.Med Prax. 11-20-1990;79(47):1457-1462. View abstract.

Mackie, B. S. and Mackie, L. E. The PABA story. Australas.J Dermatol 1999;40(1):51-53. View abstract.

Akberova, S. I., Tazulakhova, E. B., Musaev Galbinur, P. I., Leont'eva, N. A., and Stroeva, O. G. [Study of interferon-inducing activity of para-aminobenzoic acid injected subconjunctivally in rabbits]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 1999;115(1):24-26. View abstract.

Stroeva, O. G., Akberova, S. I., Drozd, N. N., Makarov, V. A., Miftakhova, N. T., and Kalugin, S. S. [The antithrombotic activity of para-aminobenzoic acid in experimental thrombosis]. Izv.Akad.Nauk Ser.Biol 1999;(3):329-336. View abstract.

Drozd, N. N., Makarov, V. A., Miftakhova, N. T., Kalugin, S. A., Stroeva, O. G., and Akberova, S. I. [Antithrombotic activity of para-aminobenzoic acid]. Eksp.Klin.Farmakol. 2000;63(3):40-44. View abstract.

Akberova, S. I. and Musaev Galbinur, P. I. [The new interferon inducer Aktipol in the treatment of herpetic keratitis]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 2000;116(2):16-18. View abstract.

Grouls, R., Korsten, E., Ackerman, E., Hellebrekers, L., van Zundert, A., and Breimer, D. Diffusion of n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate (BAB), lidocaine and bupivacaine through the human dura-arachnoid mater in vitro. Eur.J.Pharm.Sci. 2000;12(2):125-131. View abstract.

Akberova, S. I., Musaev Galbinur, P. I., Stroeva, O. G., Magomedov, N. M., Babaev, N. F., and Galbinur, A. P. [Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant activity of para-aminobenzoic acid and emoxipin in the cornea and crystalline lens (an experimental study)]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 2001;117(4):25-29. View abstract.

Akberova, S. I. [Actipol in treating stromal herpetic keratitis]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 2002;118(2):17-19. View abstract.

Akberova, S. I. [Para-aminobenzoic acid and prospects of its use in ophthalmology]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 2002;118(3):53-56. View abstract.

Taneva, E. [Pantogar--modern treatment of hair loss, structural hair lesions, early alopecia, and dystrophy of nails]. Akush.Ginekol.(Sofiia) 2002;41 Suppl 1:37-40. View abstract.

Beekwilder, J. P., O'Leary, M. E., van den Broek, L. P., van Kempen, G. T., Ypey, D. L., and van den Berg, R. J. Kv1.1 channels of dorsal root ganglion neurons are inhibited by n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate, a promising anesthetic for the treatment of chronic pain. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 2003;304(2):531-538. View abstract.

Griffiths, M. R. and Priestley, G. C. A comparison of morphoea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in vitro: the effects of para-aminobenzoate on skin fibroblasts. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1992;72(1):15-18. View abstract.

Zarafonetis, C. J. and HORRAX, T. M. Treatment of Peyronie's disease with potassium para-aminobenzoate (potaba). J Urol. 1959;81(6):770-772. View abstract.

Leonard, F. and Kalis, B. [Photoprotection by drugs]. Rev Prat. 6-1-1992;42(11):1375-1376. View abstract.

Priestley, G. C. and Brown, J. C. Effects of potassium para-aminobenzoate on growth and macromolecule synthesis in fibroblasts cultured from normal and sclerodermatous human skin, and rheumatoid synovial cells. J.Invest Dermatol. 1979;72(4):161-164. View abstract.

Weidner, W., Hauck, E. W., and Schnitker, J. Potassium paraaminobenzoate (POTABA) in the treatment of Peyronie's disease: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Eur Urol 2005;47(4):530-535. View abstract.

Pryor, J., Akkus, E., Alter, G., Jordan, G., Lebret, T., Levine, L., Mulhall, J., Perovic, S., Ralph, D., and Stackl, W. Peyronie's disease. J Sex Med. 2004;1(1):110-115. View abstract.

Rooney, J. F., Bryson, Y., Mannix, M. L., Dillon, M., Wohlenberg, C. R., Banks, S., Wallington, C. J., Notkins, A. L., and Straus, S. E. Prevention of ultraviolet-light-induced herpes labialis by sunscreen. Lancet 12-7-1991;338(8780):1419-1422. View abstract.

Gaby, A. R. Natural remedies for scleroderma. Altern.Med.Rev. 2006;11(3):188-195. View abstract.

Trost, L. W., Gur, S., and Hellstrom, W. J. Pharmacological Management of Peyronie's Disease. Drugs 2007;67(4):527-545. View abstract.

Korsten, H. H., Ackerman, E. W., Grouls, R. J., van Zundert, A. A., Boon, W. F., Bal, F., Crommelin, M. A., Ribot, J. G., Hoefsloot, F., and Slooff, J. L. Long-lasting epidural sensory blockade by n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate in the terminally ill intractable cancer pain patient. Anesthesiology 1991;75(6):950-960. View abstract.

Pan, C. W., Shen, Z. J., and Ding, G. Q. The effect of intravesical instillation of antifibrinolytic agents on bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment of superficial bladder cancer: a pilot study. J Urol. 2008;179(4):1307-1311. View abstract.

Pereira de Godoy, J. M. Aminaphtone in idiopathic cyclic oedema syndrome. Phlebology. 2008;23(3):118-119. View abstract.

Antoniou, C., Kosmadaki, M. G., Stratigos, A. J., and Katsambas, A. D. Sunscreens--what's important to know. J Eur Acad.Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22(9):1110-1118. View abstract.

Fisher, D. E., Lofton, S. P., Hale, T., Durant, N., and Grant, L. F. Peyronie's disease: a case study with clinical implications. Urol.Nurs. 2008;28(2):109-112. View abstract.

Hellstrom, W. J. Medical management of Peyronie's disease. J Androl 2009;30(4):397-405. View abstract.

Flindt-Hansen, H. and Ebbesen, P. Ultraviolet light induction of peripheral granulocytosis with splenomegaly: protection of mice with topical p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Br J Dermatol 1991;125(3):222-226. View abstract.

Flindt-Hansen, H., Thune, P., and Eeg-Larsen, T. The effect of short-term application of PABA on photocarcinogenesis. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1990;70(1):72-75. View abstract.

Alenda, O., Beley, S., Ferhi, K., Cour, F., Chartier-Kastler, E., Haertig, A., Richard, F., and Roupret, M. [Pathophysiology and management of Peyronie's disease in adult patients: an update]. Prog Urol. 2010;20(2):91-100. View abstract.

Gur, S., Limin, M., and Hellstrom, W. J. Current status and new developments in Peyronie's disease: medical, minimally invasive and surgical treatment options. Expert.Opin.Pharmacother. 2011;12(6):931-944. View abstract.

Larsen, S. M. and Levine, L. A. Peyronie's disease: review of nonsurgical treatment options. Urol.Clin North Am 2011;38(2):195-205. View abstract.

Flindt-Hansen, H., Thune, P., and Larsen, T. E. The inhibiting effect of PABA on photocarcinogenesis. Arch.Dermatol Res 1990;282(1):38-41. View abstract.

Taylor, C. R., Stern, R. S., Leyden, J. J., and Gilchrest, B. A. Photoaging/photodamage and photoprotection. J Am Acad.Dermatol 1990;22(1):1-15. View abstract.

Taylor, S. E. and Dorris, R. L. Modification of local anesthetic toxicity by vasoconstrictors. Anesth.Prog 1989;36(3):79-87. View abstract.

Hasche-Klunder, R. [Treatment of peyronie's disease with para-aminobenzoacidic potassium (POTOBA) (author's transl)]. Urologe A 1978;17(4):224-227. View abstract.

Kierkegaard, E. and Nielsen, B. [Peyronie's disease treated with K-para-aminobenzoate and vitamin E]. Ugeskr.Laeger 7-23-1979;141(30):2052-2053. View abstract.

Abarca, J., Odilla, Arrollo C., Blanch, S., and Arellano, G. [Melasma in pregnancy: reduction of its appearance with the use of a broad-spectrum photoprotective agent]. Med Cutan.Ibero.Lat.Am 1987;15(3):199-203. View abstract.

Slapke, J., Hummel, S., Wischnewsky, G. G., and Winkler, J. Protease inhibitor prevents bronchoconstriction in man. Eur J Respir.Dis 1986;68(1):29-34. View abstract.

Hoek, F. J., Sanders, G. T., and Tytgat, G. N. Influence of gastric emptying on the PABA test. Clin Chim Acta 6-15-1987;165(2-3):235-241. View abstract.

Davies, D. M. and Cavanagh, J. Jaundice from potassium p-aminobenzoate. Lancet 4-22-1967;1(7495):896. View abstract.

Mohorn, M. and Knupfer, M. [Effectiveness of the calcium antagonist nifedipine and the protease inhibitor with plasmin inactivating effect para-aminomethylbenzoic acid on stress-induced bronchial asthma]. Z Gesamte Inn.Med 11-1-1984;39(21):527-530. View abstract.

Jarratt, M., Hill, M., and Smiles, K. Topical protection against long-wave ultraviolet A. J Am Acad.Dermatol 1983;9(3):354-360. View abstract.

Penneys, N. S. Treatment of lichen sclerosus with potassium para-aminobenzoate. J.Am.Acad.Dermatol. 1984;10(6):1039-1042. View abstract.

van den Berg, R. J., Van Soest, P. F., Wang, Z., Grouls, R. J., and Korsten, H. H. The local anesthetic n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate selectively affects inactivation of fast sodium currents in cultured rat sensory neurons. Anesthesiology 1995;82(6):1463-1473. View abstract.

Sagone, A. L., Jr., Husney, R. M., and Davis, W. B. Biotransformation of para-aminobenzoic acid and salicylic acid by PMN. Free Radic.Biol.Med. 1993;14(1):27-35. View abstract.

Duffy, L. F., Kerzner, B., Seeff, L., Barr, S. B., and Soldin, S. J. Preliminary assessment of glycine conjugation of para-aminobenzoic acid as a quantitative test of liver function. Clin.Biochem. 1995;28(5):527-530. View abstract.

Dobrev, H., Popova, L., and Vlashev, D. Proteinase inhibitors and pemphigus vulgaris. An in vitro and in vivo study. Arch Dermatol Res 1996;288(11):648-655. View abstract.

Ehlert, C., Strunz, H., Visser, K., Wiese, M., and Seydel, J. K. Inhibition of the conjugation of PABA with glycine in vitro by sulfamoyl benzoic acids, sulfonamides, and penicillins and its relation to tubular secretion. J Pharm.Sci 1998;87(6):785. View abstract.

Linn, E. E. Microemulsion of intradermal delivery of cetyl alcohol and octyl dimethyl PABA. Drug Development & Industrial Pharmacy 1990;16(6):899-920.