Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.

Zemel MB, Thompson W, Milstead A, et al. Calcium and dairy acceleration of weight and fat loss during energy restriction in obese adults. Obes Res 2004;12:582–90. View abstract.

Babb SM, Appelmans KE, Renshaw PF, et al. Differently effect of CDP-choline on brain cytosolic choline levels in younger and older subjects as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1996;127:88-94. View abstract.

Spiers PA, Myers D, Hochanadel GS, et al. Citicoline improves verbal memory in aging. Arch Neurol 1996;53:441-8. View abstract.

Fioravanti M, Yanagi M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(2):CD000269. View abstract.

Conant R, Schauss AG. Therapeutic applications of citicoline for stroke and cognitive function in the elderly: A review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 2004;9:17-31. View abstract.

Barrachina M, Dominguez I, Ambrosio S, et al. Neuroprotective effect of citicoline in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. J Neurol Sci 2003;215:105-10. View abstract.

Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF. Citicoline decreases phospholipase A2 stimulation and hydroxyl radical generation in transient cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2003;73:308-15. View abstract.

Cohen RA, Browndyke JN, Moser DJ, et al. Long-term citicoline (cytidine diphosphate choline) use in patients with vascular dementia: Neuroimaging and neuropsychological outcomes. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003;16:199-204. View abstract.

Savci V, Goktalay G, Cansev M, et al. Intravenously injected citicoline increases blood pressure and reverses hypotension in haemorrhagic shock: effect is mediated by central cholinergic activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;468:129-39. View abstract.

Dempsey RJ, Raghavendra Rao VL. Cytidinediphosphocholine treatment to decrease traumatic brain injury-induced hippocampal neuronal death, cortical contusion volume, and neurological dysfunction in rats. J Neurosurg 2003;98:867-73. View abstract.

Sobrado M, Lopez MG, Carceller F, et al. Combined nipodimine and citicoline reduce infarct size, attenuate apoptosis, and increase BCL-2 expression after focal cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience 2003;118:107-13. View abstract.

Davalos A, Castillo J, Alvarez-Sabin J, et al. Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: An individual patient date pooling analysis of clinical trials. Stroke 2002;33:2850-7. View abstract.

Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF. Citicoline mechanisms and clinical efficacy in cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2002;70:133-9. View abstract.

Rejdak R, Toczolowski J, Krukowski J, et al. Oral citicoline treatment improves visual pathway function in glaucoma. Med Sci Monit 2003;9:PI24-8. View abstract.

Zweifler RM. Membrane stabilizer: Citicoline. Curr Med Res Opin 2002;18:s14-s17. View abstract.

Weiss GB. Metabolism and actions of CDP-choline as an endogenous compound and administered exogenously as citicoline. Life Sci 1995;56:637-60. View abstract.

Teather LA, Wurtman RJ. Dietary cytidine (5)-diphosphocholine supplementation protects against development of memory deficits in aging rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:711–17. View abstract.

Renshaw, P. F., Daniels, S., Lundahl, L. H., Rogers, V., and Lukas, S. E. Short-term treatment with citicoline (CDP-choline) attenuates some measures of craving in cocaine-dependent subjects: a preliminary report. Psychopharmacology.(Berl.) 1999;142(2):132-138. View abstract.

Parisi, V., Manni, G., Colacino, G., and Bucci, M. G. Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) improves retinal and cortical responses in patients with glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(6):1126-1134. View abstract.

Clark, W. M., Williams, B. J., Selzer, K. A., Zweifler, R. M., Sabounjian, L. A., and Gammans, R. E. A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1999;30(12):2592-2597. View abstract.

Alvarez, X. A., Mouzo, R., Pichel, V., Perez, P., Laredo, M., Fernandez-Novoa, L., Corzo, L., Zas, R., Alcaraz, M., Secades, J. J., Lozano, R., and Cacabelos, R. Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion. Methods.Find.Exp.Clin.Pharmacol. 1999;21(9):633-644. View abstract.

Xiong, Y., Liu, X., Wang, Y., and Du, Y. Cloning of cytidine triphosphate: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase mRNA upregulated by a neuropeptide arginine-vasopressin((4-8)) in rat hippocampus. Neurosci.Lett. 4-7-2000;283(2):129-132. View abstract.

Warach, S., Pettigrew, L. C., Dashe, J. F., Pullicino, P., Lefkowitz, D. M., Sabounjian, L., Harnett, K., Schwiderski, U., and Gammans, R. Effect of citicoline on ischemic lesions as measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Citicoline 010 Investigators. Ann.Neurol. 2000;48(5):713-722. View abstract.

Virno, M., Pecori-Giraldi, J., Liguori, A., and De, Gregorio F. The protective effect of citicoline on the progression of the perimetric defects in glaucomatous patients (perimetric study with a 10-year follow-up). Acta Ophthalmol.Scand.Suppl 2000;(232):56-57. View abstract.

Marcantonio, E. R., Flacker, J. M., Wright, R. J., and Resnick, N. M. Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomized trial. J Am.Geriatr Soc 2001;49(5):516-522. View abstract.

Fridman, E. A., Ottaviano, F., Fiol, M., Javelier, A., Perea, J. E., and Ameriso, S. F. [Neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Practicability of guidelines for treatment]. Rev.Neurol. 5-1-2001;32(9):818-821. View abstract.

Lukas, S. E., Kouri, E. M., Rhee, C., Madrid, A., and Renshaw, P. F. Effects of short-term citicoline treatment on acute cocaine intoxication and cardiovascular effects. Psychopharmacology.(Berl.) 2001;157(2):163-167. View abstract.

Clark, W. M., Wechsler, L. R., Sabounjian, L. A., and Schwiderski, U. E. A phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000 mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurology. 11-13-2001;57(9):1595-1602. View abstract.

Diaz, V., Rodriguez, J., Barrientos, P., Serra, M., Salinas, H., Toledo, C., Kunze, S., Varas, V., Santelices, E., Cabrera, C., Farias, J., Gallardo, J., Beddings, M. I., Leiva, A., and Cumsille, M. A. [Use of procholinergics in the prevention of postoperative delirium in hip fracture surgery in the elderly. A randomized controlled trial]. Rev.Neurol. 10-16-2001;33(8):716-719. View abstract.

Babb, S. M., Wald, L. L., Cohen, B. M., Villafuerte, R. A., Gruber, S. A., Yurgelun-Todd, D. A., and Renshaw, P. F. Chronic citicoline increases phosphodiesters in the brains of healthy older subjects: an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychopharmacology.(Berl.) 2002;161(3):248-254. View abstract.

Aizawa, K., Kanai, T., Saikawa, Y., Takabayashi, T., Kawano, Y., Miyazawa, N., and Yamamoto, T. A novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery. Surg.Today. 2002;32(4):310-314. View abstract.

Bettini, R. and Gorini, M. [Reaction times during citicoline treatment]. Clin.Ter. 2002;153(4):247-250. View abstract.

Fioravanti, M. and Yanagi, M. Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2004;(2):CD000269. View abstract.

Piccoli, F., Battistini, N., Carbonin, P., Curro, Dossi B., Fiori, L., La, Bella, V, Megna, G., Salvioli, G., and Fioravanti, M. CDP-choline in the treatment of chronic cerebrovasculopathies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1994;18(3):161-168. View abstract.

Kalisvaart, K. J., de Jonghe, J. F., Bogaards, M. J., Vreeswijk, R., Egberts, T. C., Burger, B. J., Eikelenboom, P., and van Gool, W. A. Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip-surgery patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Am.Geriatr Soc 2005;53(10):1658-1666. View abstract.

Secades, J. J., Alvarez-Sabin, J., Rubio, F., Lozano, R., Davalos, A., and Castillo, J. Citicoline in intracerebral haemorrhage: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre pilot study. Cerebrovasc.Dis. 2006;21(5-6):380-385. View abstract.

Secades, J. J. and Lorenzo, J. L. Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update. Methods.Find.Exp.Clin.Pharmacol. 2006;28 Suppl B:1-56. View abstract.

Siddiqi, N., Stockdale, R., Britton, A. M., and Holmes, J. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2007;(2):CD005563. View abstract.

Brown, E. S., Gorman, A. R., and Hynan, L. S. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citicoline add-on therapy in outpatients with bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence. J Clin.Psychopharmacol. 2007;27(5):498-502. View abstract.

Parisi, V., Coppola, G., Ziccardi, L., Gallinaro, G., and Falsini, B. Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (Citicoline): a pilot study in patients with non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy. Eur.J Neurol. 2008;15(5):465-474. View abstract.

Di, Trapani G. and Fioravanti, M. [Citicoline in the treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders in pathologic senile decline]. Clin.Ter. 6-30-1991;137(6):403-413. View abstract.

Iranmanesh, F. and Vakilian, A. Efficiency of citicoline in increasing muscular strength of patients with nontraumatic cerebral hemorrhage: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Stroke.Cerebrovasc.Dis. 2008;17(3):153-155. View abstract.

Marti Masso, J. F. and Urtasun, M. Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clin.Ther 1991;13(2):239-242. View abstract.

Parisi, V., Coppola, G., Centofanti, M., Oddone, F., Angrisani, A. M., Ziccardi, L., Ricci, B., Quaranta, L., and Manni, G. Evidence of the neuroprotective role of citicoline in glaucoma patients. Prog.Brain.Res 2008;173:541-554. View abstract.

Petkov, V. D., Stancheva, S. L., Tocuschieva, L., and Petkov, V. V. Changes in brain biogenic monoamines induced by the nootropic drugs adafenoxate and meclofenoxate and by citicholine (experiments on rats). Gen.Pharmacol. 1990;21(1):71-75. View abstract.

Serra, F., Diaspri, G. P., Gasbarrini, A., Giancane, S., Rimondi, A., Tame, M. R., Sakellaridis, E., Bernardi, M., and Gasbarrini, G. [Effect of CDP-choline on senile mental deterioration. Multicenter experience on 237 cases]. Minerva Med. 1990;81(6):465-470. View abstract.

Eberhardt, R., Birbamer, G., Gerstenbrand, F., Rainer, E., and Traegner, H. Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clin.Ther 1990;12(6):489-495. View abstract.

Yashima, K., Takamatsu, M., and Okuda, K. Intestinal absorption of cytidine diphosphate choline and its changes in the digestive tract. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 1975;21(1):49-60. View abstract.

Pecori, Giraldi J., Virno, M., Covelli, G., Grechi, G., and De, Gregorio F. Therapeutic value of citicoline in the treatment of glaucoma (computerized and automated perimetric investigation). Int Ophthalmol. 1989;13(1-2):109-112. View abstract.

Cubells, J. M. and Hernando, C. Clinical trial on the use of cytidine diphosphate choline in Parkinson's disease. Clin.Ther 1988;10(6):664-671. View abstract.

Sinforiani, E., Trucco, M., Pacchetti, C., and Gualtieri, S. [Evaluation of the effects of citicoline in chronic cerebrovascular diseases]. Minerva Med 1-14-1986;77(1-2):51-57. View abstract.

Berggren, D., Gustafson, Y., Eriksson, B., Bucht, G., Hansson, L. I., Reiz, S., and Winblad, B. Postoperative confusion after anesthesia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures. Anesth.Analg. 1987;66(6):497-504. View abstract.

Centrone, G., Ragno, G., and Calicchio, G. [Use of citicoline in high dosages in acute cerebrovascular disease]. Minerva Med 3-17-1986;77(11):371-373. View abstract.

Bonavita, E. [Neuropsychological study of the senile brain during and after single and combined treatment with deanol and citicoline]. Clin.Ter. 6-15-1986;117(5):387-398. View abstract.

Dinsdale, J. R., Griffiths, G. K., Rowlands, C., Castello, J., Ortiz, J. A., Maddock, J., and Aylward, M. Pharmacokinetics of 14C CDP-choline. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(7A):1066-1070. View abstract.

Dinsdale, J. R., Griffiths, G. K., Castello, J., Maddock, J., Ortiz, J. A., and Aylward, M. CDP-choline: repeated oral dose tolerance studies in adult healthy volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(7A):1061-1065. View abstract.

Arranz, J. and Ganoza, C. Treatment of chronic dyskinesia with CDP-choline. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(7A):1071-1073. View abstract.

Lozano, Fernandez R. Efficacy and safety of oral CDP-choline. Drug surveillance study in 2817 cases. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(7A):1073-1080. View abstract.

Trovarelli, G., de Medio, G. E., Dorman, R. V., Piccinin, G. L., Horrocks, L. A., and Porcellati, G. Effect of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) on ischemia-induced alterations of brain lipid in the gerbil. Neurochem.Res 1981;6(8):821-833. View abstract.

Stramba-Badiale, M. and Scillieri, E. [Citicoline activity in senile mental decay]. Minerva Med 4-7-1983;74(14-15):819-821. View abstract.

D'Orlando, K. J. and Sandage, B. W., Jr. Citicoline (CDP-choline): mechanisms of action and effects in ischemic brain injury. Neurol.Res 1995;17(4):281-284. View abstract.

Campos, E. C., Schiavi, C., Benedetti, P., Bolzani, R., and Porciatti, V. Effect of citicoline on visual acuity in amblyopia: preliminary results. Graefes.Arch Clin.Exp.Ophthalmol. 1995;233(5):307-312. View abstract.

Tanaka, Y., Minematsu, K., Hirano, T., Hayashida, K., and Yamaguchi, T. [Effects of CDP-choline on dynamic changes in LCBF and cognitive function in demented subjects--an H2 15O-PET study]. Rinsho.Shinkeigaku. 1994;34(9):877-881. View abstract.

Rossi, M. and Zanardi, M. [An open study on the clinical efficacy of citicoline in patients with chronic cerebral vasculopathy]. Clin.Ter. 1993;142(2):141-144. View abstract.

Alvarez, X. A., Laredo, M., Corzo, D., Fernandez-Novoa, L., Mouzo, R., Perea, J. E., Daniele, D., and Cacabelos, R. Citicoline improves memory performance in elderly subjects. Methods.Find.Exp.Clin.Pharmacol. 1997;19(3):201-210. View abstract.

Clark, W. M., Warach, S. J., Pettigrew, L. C., Gammans, R. E., and Sabounjian, L. A. A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Citicoline Stroke Study Group. Neurology. 1997;49(3):671-678. View abstract.

Salvadorini F. Clinical evaluation of CDP-choline (Nicholin): Efficacy as antidepressant treatment. Therapeutic Research 1975;18(3):513-520.

León-Carrión J, Dominguez-Roldán JM, Murillo-Cabezas F, Dominguez-Morales MR, and Munoz-Sanchez MA. The role of citicholine in neuropsychological training after traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation 2000;14(1):33-40.

Capurso A, Capurso S, Panza F, and et al. Efficacy of cytidine diphosphate choline in patients affected by chronic cerebrovascular disease. Clinical Drug Investigation 1996;12(1):26-38.

Madariaga Aguirre L. A double-blind evaluation on a group of senile female patients, treated with CDP-choline. Revista de Psiquiatría y Psicología Médica 1978;13(5):331-342.

Suryani L, Adnjana T, and Jensen G. Citicholine treatment of memory deficits in elderly people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1988;3(3):235-236.

Ataus S, Onal M, Zulkuf M, and et al. The effects of citicholine and lamotrigine alone and in combination following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. International Journal of Neuroscience 2004;114(2):183-196.

Adibhatla, R. M., Hatcher JF, and Dempsey RJ. Effects of citicholine on phospholipid and glutathione levels in transient cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2001;32(10):2376-2381.

Radad K, Gille G, Xiaojing J, Durany N, and Rausch W-D. CDP-choline reduces dopaminergic cell loss induced by MPP-super(+) and glutamate in primary mesencephalic cell culture. International Journal of Neuroscience 2007;117(7):985-998.

Agnoli A, Fioravanti M, and Lechner H. Efficacy of CDP-Choline in chronic cerebral vascular diseases (CCVD). In: Zappia V, Kennedy EP, Nilsson BI, and Galletti PV. Novel Biochemical, Pharmacological, and Clinical Aspects of Cytidinediphosphocholine. New York: Elsevier Science;1985.

Angeli G. Clinical study on Asonic (provisional name) [Sperimentazione clinica sul prodotto denominato provvisoriamente Asonic]. Rivista di Neuropsichiatria e Scienze Affini 1985;31:13-24.

Barbagallo-Sangiorgi G, Ceruso D, Cuzzupoli MF, and et al. Double-blind, multicenter study on CDP-choline in patients with primary senile mental deterioration [Studio multicentrico in doppio cieco con Citicolina nel deterioramento mentale senile primitivo]. Invecchiamento Cerebrale e Cerebrovasculopatie Croniche 1988;

Bonavita E, Chioma V, Dall'Oca P, and et al. Double-blind study on CDP-choline activity in primitive mild cognitive deterioration cases [Studio in doppio cieco sull'azione della citicolina nel cervello senile]. Minerva Psichiatrica 1983;24:53-62.

Falchi Delitata G, Falchi Delitata N, Casali R, and et al. Intermediate term, double-blind vs. placebo study of CDP-choline in cases with cognitive senile deterioration. Gazzetta Medica Italiana - Archivio Scienze Mediche 1984;143:789-810.

Motta L, Fichera G, Tiralosi G, and et al. CDP-choline in the treatment of chronic cerebrovasculopaties [La citicolina nel tratta mento delle cerebrovasculopatie croniche]. Unpublished Lederle (Cyanamid Italia) report. 1985;

Senin U and Fioravanti M. Clinical controlled study vs placebo of CDPcholine in a large group of aged patients with cerebrovascular dementia. Wyeth, Italy 2003;

Sinforiani E, Trucco M, Pacchetti C, and et al. Assessment of CDPcholine effects in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease [Valutazione degli effetti della citicolina nella malattia cerebro-vascolare cronica]. Minerva Medica 1986;77(51):57.

Liptzin B, Laki A, Garb, and et al. Donepezil in the Prevention and Treatment of Post-Surgical Delirium. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2005;13:1100-1106.

El Sayed I, Zaki A, Fayed AM, Shehata GM, Abdelmonem S. A meta-analysis of the effect of different neuroprotective drugs in management of patients with traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Rev 2018;41(2):427-38. View abstract.

Secades JJ, Alvarez-Sabín J, Castillo J, et al. Citicoline for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and formal meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016;25(8):1984-96. View abstract.

Parisi V, Centofanti M, Ziccardi L, et al. Treatment with citicoline eye drops enhances retinal function and neural conduction along the visual pathways in open angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015;253(8):1327-40. View abstract.

Brown ES, Todd JP, Hu LT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of citicoline for cocaine dependence in bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2015;172(10):1014-21. View abstract.

Pawar PV, Mumbare SS, Patil MS, Ramakrishnan S. Effectiveness of the addition of citicoline to patching in the treatment of amblyopia around visual maturity: a randomized controlled trial. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62(2):124-9. View abstract.

Cotroneo AM, Castagna A, Putignano S, et al. Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study. Clin Interv Aging 2013;8:131-7. View abstract.

Dávalos A, Alvarez-Sabín J, Castillo J, et al. Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial). Lancet 2012;380(9839):349-57. View abstract.

Licata SC, Penetar DM, Ravichandran C, et al. Effects of daily treatment with citicoline: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cocaine-dependent volunteers. J Addict Med 2011;5(1):57-64. View abstract.

Roohi-Azizi M, Arabzadeh S, Amidfar M, et al. Citicoline combination therapy for major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 2017;40(1):1-5. View abstract.

Shi PY, Zhou XC, Yin XX, Xu LL, Zhang XM, Bai HY. Early application of citicoline in the treatment of acute stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2016;36(2):270-7. View abstract.

Ottobelli L, Manni GL, Centofanti M, et al. Citicoline oral solution in glaucoma: is there a role in slowing disease progression? Ophthalmologica 2013;229(4):219-26. View abstract.

Clark BC, Georgekutty J, Berul CI. Myocardial ischemia secondary to synthetic cannabinoid (K2) use in pediatric patients. J Pediatr 2015;167(3):757-61.e1. View abstract.

Aidelbaum R, Labelle A, Baddeley A, Knott V. Assessing the acute effects of CDP-choline on sensory gating in schizophrenia: a pilot study. J Psychopharmacol. 2018;32(5):541-51. View abstract.

Ghajar A, Gholamian F, Tabatabei-Motlagh M, et al. Citicoline (CDP-choline) add-on therapy to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2018;33(4):e2662. View abstract.

Trimmel H, Majdan M, Wodak A, Herzer G, Csomor D, Brazinova A. Citicoline in severe traumatic brain injury: indications for improved outcome: a retrospective matched pair analysis from 14 Austrian trauma centers. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2018;130(1-2):37-44. View abstract.

Marino PF, Rossi GCM, Campagna G, et al. Effects of citicoline, homotaurine, and vitamin E on contrast sensitivity and visual-related quality of life in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: A preliminary study. Molecules. 2020 Nov 29;25(23):5614. View abstract.

Cinar E, Yuce B, Aslan F, Erbakan G. Neuroprotective effect of citicoline eye drops on corneal sensitivity after LASIK. J Refract Surg. 2019 Dec 1;35(12):764-770. View abstract.

Parravano M, Scarinci F, Parisi V, et al. Citicoline and vitamin B12 eye drops in type 1 diabetes: Results of a 3-year pilot study evaluating morpho-functional retinal changes. Adv Ther. 2020 Apr;37(4):1646-1663. View abstract.

Rossetti L, Iester M, Tranchina L, et al. Can treatment with citicoline eyedrops reduce progression in glaucoma? The results of a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Glaucoma. 2020 Jul;29(7):513-520. View abstract.

Martí-Carvajal AJ, Valli C, Martí-Amarista CE, et al. Citicoline for treating people with acute ischemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 29;8:CD013066. View abstract.

Salamah A, Mehrez M, Faheem A, El Amrousy D. Efficacy of Citicoline as a Neuroprotector in children with post cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Apr;180(4):1249-1255. View abstract.

Castagna A, Manzo C, Fabbo A, Lacava R, Ruberto C, Ruotolo G. The CITIMERIVA Study: CITIcoline plus MEmantina plus RIVAstigmine in Older Patients Affected with Alzheimer's Disease. Clin Drug Investig. 2021 Feb;41(2):177-182. View abstract.

Jeong H, Yoon S, Sung YH, et al. Effects of cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline on gray matter volumes in methamphetamine-dependent patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Psychiatr Res 2021;143:215-221. View abstract.

Nakazaki E, Mah E, Sanoshy K, Citrolo D, Watanabe F. Citicoline and Memory Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2021;151(8):2153-2160. View abstract.

Loebis R, Zulkarnain BS, Siswanto FA. Effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021;32(4):657-661. View abstract.