Rico H, Gallego-Lago JL, Hernandez ER, et al. Effect of silicon supplement on osteopenia induced by ovariectomy in rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2000;66:53-5. View abstract.

Jugdaohsingh R, Anderson SH, Tucker KL, et al. Dietary silicon intake and absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:887-93. View abstract.

Ichiyanagi O, Sasagawa I, Adachi Y, et al. Silica urolithiasis without magnesium trisilicate intake. Urol Int 1998;61:39-42. View abstract.

Levison DA, Crocker PR, Banim S, Wallace DM. Silica stones in the urinary bladder. Lancet 1982;1:704-5.

Lee MH, Lee YH, Hsu TH, et al. Silica stone--development due to long time oral trisilicate intake. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1993;27:267-9. View abstract.

Jugdaohsingh R, Tucker KL, Qiao N, et al. Dietary silicon intake is positively associated with bone mineral density in men and premenopausal women of the Framingham Offspring cohort. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19:297-307. View abstract.

Scheinfeld, N., Dahdah, M. J., and Scher, R. Vitamins and minerals: their role in nail health and disease. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007;6(8):782-787. View abstract.

Reffitt, D. M., Jugdaohsingh, R., Thompson, R. P., and Powell, J. J. Silicic acid: its gastrointestinal uptake and urinary excretion in man and effects on aluminium excretion. J Inorg.Biochem. 8-30-1999;76(2):141-147. View abstract.

Cruz Guerra, N. A., Gomez Garcia, M. A., Lovaco, Castellano F., Saez Garrido, J. C., Garcia, Cuerpo E., and Escudero, Barrilero A. [Silica urolithiasis: report of a new case]. Actas Urol.Esp 2000;24(2):202-204. View abstract.

Merget, R., Bauer, T., Kupper, H. U., Philippou, S., Bauer, H. D., Breitstadt, R., and Bruening, T. Health hazards due to the inhalation of amorphous silica. Arch Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):625-634. View abstract.

Rondeau, V. A review of epidemiologic studies on aluminum and silica in relation to Alzheimer's disease and associated disorders. Rev Environ Health 2002;17(2):107-121. View abstract.

Khuder, S. A., Peshimam, A. Z., and Agraharam, S. Environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Rev Environ Health 2002;17(4):307-315. View abstract.

Birchall, J. D. The interrelationship between silicon and aluminium in the biological effects of aluminium. Ciba Found.Symp. 1992;169:50-61. View abstract.

Sripanyakorn, S., Jugdaohsingh, R., Elliott, H., Walker, C., Mehta, P., Shoukru, S., Thompson, R. P., and Powell, J. J. The silicon content of beer and its bioavailability in healthy volunteers. Br J Nutr 2004;91(3):403-409. View abstract.

McLaughlin, J. K., Chow, W. H., and Levy, L. S. Amorphous silica: a review of health effects from inhalation exposure with particular reference to cancer. J Toxicol.Environ Health 4-25-1997;50(6):553-566. View abstract.

Barel, A., Calomme, M., Timchenko, A., De, Paepe K., Demeester, N., Rogiers, V., Clarys, P., and Vanden Berghe, D. Effect of oral intake of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid on skin, nails and hair in women with photodamaged skin. Arch Dermatol.Res 2005;297(4):147-153. View abstract.

Pelucchi, C., Pira, E., Piolatto, G., Coggiola, M., Carta, P., and La, Vecchia C. Occupational silica exposure and lung cancer risk: a review of epidemiological studies 1996-2005. Ann.Oncol. 2006;17(7):1039-1050. View abstract.

Gillissen, A., Gessner, C., Hammerschmidt, S., Hoheisel, G., and Wirtz, H. [Health significance of inhaled particles]. Dtsch.Med Wochenschr. 3-24-2006;131(12):639-644. View abstract.

Hu, J. F., Qu, H., and Wang, J. Z. [Meta analysis for relationship between exposure of free silicon dioxide and lung tumor]. Zhonghua Lao.Dong.Wei Sheng Zhi.Ye.Bing.Za Zhi. 2006;24(7):415-417. View abstract.

Exley, C., Korchazhkina, O., Job, D., Strekopytov, S., Polwart, A., and Crome, P. Non-invasive therapy to reduce the body burden of aluminium in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers.Dis. 2006;10(1):17-24. View abstract.

Domingo, J. L. Aluminum and other metals in Alzheimer's disease: a review of potential therapy with chelating agents. J Alzheimers.Dis. 2006;10(2-3):331-341. View abstract.

Jugdaohsingh, R. Silicon and bone health. J Nutr Health Aging 2007;11(2):99-110. View abstract.

Semple, J. L. Breast-feeding and silicone implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;120(7 Suppl 1):123S-128S. View abstract.

Mock, T., Samanta, M. P., Iverson, V., Berthiaume, C., Robison, M., Holtermann, K., Durkin, C., Bondurant, S. S., Richmond, K., Rodesch, M., Kallas, T., Huttlin, E. L., Cerrina, F., Sussman, M. R., and Armbrust, E. V. Whole-genome expression profiling of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana identifies genes involved in silicon bioprocesses. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 2-5-2008;105(5):1579-1584. View abstract.

Rondeau, V., Jacqmin-Gadda, H., Commenges, D., Helmer, C., and Dartigues, J. F. Aluminum and silica in drinking water and the risk of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline: findings from 15-year follow-up of the PAQUID cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2-15-2009;169(4):489-496. View abstract.

Lacasse, Y., Martin, S., Gagne, D., and Lakhal, L. Dose-response meta-analysis of silica and lung cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2009;20(6):925-933. View abstract.

Sripanyakorn, S., Jugdaohsingh, R., Dissayabutr, W., Anderson, S. H., Thompson, R. P., and Powell, J. J. The comparative absorption of silicon from different foods and food supplements. Br J Nutr 2009;102(6):825-834. View abstract.

Exley, C. Darwin, natural selection and the biological essentiality of aluminium and silicon. Trends Biochem.Sci 2009;34(12):589-593. View abstract.

McCormic, Z. D., Khuder, S. S., Aryal, B. K., Ames, A. L., and Khuder, S. A. Occupational silica exposure as a risk factor for scleroderma: a meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup.Environ Health 2010;83(7):763-769. View abstract.

Domingo, J. L., Gomez, M., and Colomina, M. T. Oral silicon supplementation: an effective therapy for preventing oral aluminum absorption and retention in mammals. Nutr Rev 2011;69(1):41-51. View abstract.

Haddad, F. S. and Kouyoumdjian, A. Silica stones in humans. Urol.Int 1986;41(1):70-76. View abstract.

Carlisle, E. M. and Curran, M. J. Effect of dietary silicon and aluminum on silicon and aluminum levels in rat brain. Alzheimer Dis.Assoc Disord. 1987;1(2):83-89. View abstract.

Dobbie, J. W. and Smith, M. B. Urinary and serum silicon in normal and uraemic individuals. Ciba Found.Symp. 1986;121:194-213. View abstract.

Schiano, A., Eisinger, F., Detolle, P., Laponche, A. M., Brisou, B., and Eisinger, J. [Silicon, bone tissue and immunity]. Rev Rhum.Mal Osteoartic. 1979;46(7-9):483-486. View abstract.

Carlisle, E. M. A silicon requirement for normal skull formation in chicks. J Nutr 1980;110(2):352-359. View abstract.

Carlisle, E. M. Biochemical and morphological changes associated with long bone abnormalities in silicon deficiency. J Nutr 1980;110(5):1046-1056. View abstract.

Lassus, A. Colloidal silicic acid for oral and topical treatment of aged skin, fragile hair and brittle nails in females. J Int Med Res 1993;21(4):209-215. View abstract.

Eisinger, J. and Clairet, D. Effects of silicon, fluoride, etidronate and magnesium on bone mineral density: a retrospective study. Magnes.Res 1993;6(3):247-249. View abstract.

Nielsen, F. H. How should dietary guidance be given for mineral elements with beneficial actions or suspected of being essential? J Nutr 1996;126(9 Suppl):2377S-2385S. View abstract.

Drueke, T. B., Jouhanneau, P., Banide, H., Lacour, B., Yiou, F., and Raisbeck, G. Effects of silicon, citrate and the fasting state on the intestinal absorption of aluminium in rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 1997;92(1):63-67. View abstract.

Tervaert, J. W., Stegeman, C. A., and Kallenberg, C. G. Silicon exposure and vasculitis. Curr Opin.Rheumatol 1998;10(1):12-17. View abstract.

Steenland, K. and Stayner, L. Silica, asbestos, man-made mineral fibers, and cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1997;8(3):491-503. View abstract.

Popplewell, J. F., King, S. J., Day, J. P., Ackrill, P., Fifield, L. K., Cresswell, R. G., di Tada, M. L., and Liu, K. Kinetics of uptake and elimination of silicic acid by a human subject: a novel application of 32Si and accelerator mass spectrometry. J Inorg.Biochem. 2-15-1998;69(3):177-180. View abstract.

Belles, M., Sanchez, D. J., Gomez, M., Corbella, J., and Domingo, J. L. Silicon reduces aluminum accumulation in rats: relevance to the aluminum hypothesis of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis.Assoc Disord. 1998;12(2):83-87. View abstract.

Macdonald HM, Hardcastle AE, Jugdaohsingh R, Reid DM, and Powell JJ. Dietary silicon intake is associated with bone mineral density in premenopasual women and postmenopausal women taking HRT. Journal of Bone Mineral Research 2005;20:S393.

Spector TD, Calomme MR, Anderson S, Swaminathan R, Jugdaohsingh R, Vanden-Berge DA, and Powell JJ. Effect of bone turnover and BMD of low dose oral silicon as an adjunct to calcium/vitamin D3 in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Bone Mineral Research 2005;20:S172.

Tatara MR, Krupski W, Szpetnar M, Dabrowski A, Bury P, Szabelska A, et al. Effects of total gastrectomy on plasma silicon and amino acid concentrations in men. Abstract. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015;240(12):1557-63. View abstract.

Li Z, Karp H, Zerlin A, Lee TY, Carpenter C, Heber D. Absorption of silicon from artesian aquifer water and its impact on bone health in postmenopausal women: a 12 week pilot study. Nutr J. 2010;9:44. View abstract.

Marcowycz A, Housez B, Maudet C, Cazaubiel M, Rinaldi G, Croizet K. Digestive absorption of silicon, supplemented as orthosilicic acid-vanillin complex. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59(8):1584-9. View abstract.

Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. 13, Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222322/. Accessed September 29, 2017.

Petersen Vitello Kalil CL, Campos V, Cignachi S, Favaro Izidoro J, Prieto Herman Reinehr C, Chaves C. Evaluation of cutaneous rejuvenation associated with the use of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed marine collagen. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(5):814-820. View abstract.

Teughels W, Celik GU, Tarce M, De Cock I, Persyn SM, Haytac MC. The effect of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid in patients with peri-implantitis: an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. BMC Oral Health 2021;21(1):485. View abstract.

Boqué N, Valls RM, Pedret A, Puiggrós F, Arola L, Solà R. Relative absorption of silicon from different formulations of dietary supplements: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover post-prandial study. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):16479. View abstract.