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Zeaxanthin
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Sommerburg, O. G., Siems, W. G., Hurst, J. S., Lewis, J. W., Kliger, D. S., and van Kuijk, F. J. Lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with photoreceptors in the human retina. Curr.Eye Res. 1999;19(6):491-495. View abstract.
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Rapp, L. M., Maple, S. S., and Choi, J. H. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in rod outer segment membranes from perifoveal and peripheral human retina. Invest Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2000;41(5):1200-1209. View abstract.
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60160
Ito, Y., Wakai, K., Suzuki, K., Ozasa, K., Watanabe, Y., Seki, N., Ando, M., Nishino, Y., Kondo, T., Ohno, Y., and Tamakoshi, A. Lung cancer mortality and serum levels of carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, and folic acid in men and women: a case-control study nested in the JACC Study. J Epidemiol. 2005;15 Suppl 2:S140-S149. View abstract.
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Coyne, T., Ibiebele, T. I., Baade, P. D., Dobson, A., McClintock, C., Dunn, S., Leonard, D., and Shaw, J. Diabetes mellitus and serum carotenoids: findings of a population-based study in Queensland, Australia. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82(3):685-693. View abstract.
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60184
Palombo, P., Fabrizi, G., Ruocco, V., Ruocco, E., Fluhr, J., Roberts, R., and Morganti, P. Beneficial long-term effects of combined oral/topical antioxidant treatment with the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin on human skin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin Pharmacol.Physiol 2007;20(4):199-210. View abstract.
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Takeda, S., Masuda, Y., Usuda, M., Marushima, R., Ueji, T., Hasegawa, M., and Maruyama, C. Effects of mayonnaise on postprandial serum lutein/zeaxanthin and beta-carotene concentrations in humans. J.Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 2009;55(6):479-485. View abstract.
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60265
Goltz, S. R., Campbell, W. W., Chitchumroonchokchai, C., Failla, M. L., and Ferruzzi, M. G. Meal triacylglycerol profile modulates postprandial absorption of carotenoids in humans. Mol.Nutr.Food Res. 2012;56(6):866-877. View abstract.
60268
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60270
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60277
Hammond, B. R., Jr. and Fletcher, L. M. Influence of the dietary carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin on visual performance: application to baseball. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2012;96(5):1207S-1213S. View abstract.
60281
Chew EY, Clemons TE, SanGiovanni JP, et al. Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group. Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013;309(19):2005-2015. View abstract.
60290
Bates, C. J., Chen, S. J., Macdonald, A., and Holden, R. Quantitation of vitamin E and a carotenoid pigment in cataractous human lenses, and the effect of a dietary supplement. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res. 1996;66(4):316-321. View abstract.
90944
Cui YH, Jing CX, Pan HW. Association of blood antioxidants and vitamins with risk of age-related cataract: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(3):778-86. View abstract.
91159
Ge XX, Xing MY, Yu LF, et al. Carotenoid intake and esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(3):1911-8. View abstract.
91160
Liu R, Wang T, Zhang B, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Dec 16;56(1):252-8. Review. View abstract.
91161
Liu XH, Yu RB, Liu R, et al. Association between lutein and zeaxanthin status and the risk of cataract: a meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2014 Jan 22;6(1):452-65. View abstract.
91162
Ma L, Hao ZX, Liu RR, et al. A dose-response meta-analysis of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake in relation to risk of age-related cataract. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014 Jan;252(1):63-70. View abstract.
91163
Manzoni P, Guardione R, Bonetti P, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm very low-birth-weight neonates in neonatal intensive care units: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Perinatol. 2013 Jan;30(1):25-32. View abstract.
91164
Takeda A, Nyssen OP, Syed A, et al. Vitamin A and carotenoids and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2014;42(1):25-38. View abstract.
94701
Bonds DE, Harrington M, Worrall BB, et al. Effect of long-chain ?-3 fatty acids and lutein + zeaxanthin supplements on cardiovascular outcomes: results of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 May;174(5):763-71. View abstract.
94702
Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, et al . Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Lutein/Zeaxanthin, or Other Nutrient Supplementation on Cognitive Function: The AREDS2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 25;314(8):791-801. View abstract.
94703
Chew EY, SanGiovanni JP, Ferris FL, et al. Lutein /zeaxanthin for the treatment of age-related cataract: AREDS2 randomized trial report no. 4. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Jul;131(7):843-50. View abstract.
97225
Ma L, Liu R, Du JH, et al. Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation associated with macular pigment optical density. Nutrients 2016;8(7). pii: E426. View abstract.
97227
Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, et al. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103(2):481-94. View abstract.
97228
Xu J, Song C, Song X, Zhang X, Li X. Carotenoids and risk of fracture: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget 2017;8(2):2391-9. View abstract.
97229
Chen F, Hu J, Liu P, Li J, Wei Z, Liu P. Carotenoid intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Hematol 2017;96(6):957-65. View abstract.
97230
Chen J, Jiang W, Shao L, Zhong D, Wu Y, Cai J. Association between intake of antioxidants and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016;67(7):744-53. View abstract.
97231
Zhou Y, Wang T, Meng Q, Zhai S. Association of carotenoids with risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2016;35(1):109-16. View abstract.
102888
Lai JS, Veetil VO, Lanca C, et al. Maternal lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in relation to offspring visual acuity at 3 years of age: The GUSTO Study. Nutrients 2020;12(2):274. View abstract.
102889
Cota F, Costa S, Giannantonio C, Purcaro V, Catenazzi P, Vento G. Lutein supplementation and retinopathy of prematurity: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020:1-6. Online ahead of print. View abstract.
102891
Zuniga KE, Bishop NJ, Turner AS. Dietary lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with working memory in an older population. Public Health Nutr 2020:1-8. View abstract.
106347
Korobelnik JF, Rougier MB, Delyfer MN, et al. Effect of Dietary Supplementation With Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and ?-3 on Macular Pigment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017;135(11):1259-1266. View abstract.
106348
Renzi-Hammond LM, Bovier ER, Fletcher LM, et al. Effects of a Lutein and Zeaxanthin Intervention on Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Younger Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2017;9(11):1246. View abstract.
106349
Green-Gomez M, Prado-Cabrero A, Moran R, et al. The Impact of Formulation on Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and meso-Zeaxanthin Bioavailability: A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020;9(8):767. View abstract.
106351
Edwards JA. Zeaxanthin: Review of Toxicological Data and Acceptable Daily Intake. J Ophthalmol 2016;2016:3690140. View abstract.
106352
Mewborn CM, Lindbergh CA, Hammond BR, Renzi-Hammond LM, Miller LS. The Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation on Brain Morphology in Older Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Aging Res 2019;2019:3709402. View abstract.
106353
Wu J, Cho E, Willett WC, Sastry SM, Schaumberg DA. Intakes of Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Other Carotenoids and Age-Related Macular Degeneration During 2 Decades of Prospective Follow-up. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015;133(12):1415-24. View abstract.
106354
Edwards CG, Walk AM, Thompson SV, et al. Dietary lutein plus zeaxanthin and choline intake is interactively associated with cognitive flexibility in middle-adulthood in adults with overweight and obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2021. View abstract.
106355
Tan AC, Balaratnasingam C, Yannuzzi LA. Treatment of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 With Carotenoid Supplements Containing Meso-Zeaxanthin: A Pilot Study. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016;47(6):528-35. View abstract.
106356
Bovier ER, Hammond BR. A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual processing speed in young healthy subjects. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015;572:54-57. View abstract.
106357
Yu B, Wang J, Suter PM, et al. Spirulina is an effective dietary source of zeaxanthin to humans. Br J Nutr 2012;108(4):611-9. View abstract.
106358
Huang YM, Dou HL, Huang FF, Xu XR, Zou ZY, Lin XM. Effect of supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin on serum, macular pigmentation, and visual performance in patients with early age-related macular degeneration. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:564738. View abstract.
106359
Lin H, Mares JA, LaMonte MJ, et al. Association between Dietary Xanthophyll (Lutein and Zeaxanthin) Intake and Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2017;24(5):311-322. View abstract.
106360
Hempel J, Fischer A, Fischer M, et al. Effect of aggregation form on bioavailability of zeaxanthin in humans: a randomised cross-over study. Br J Nutr 2017;118(9):698-706. View abstract.
106361
Kelly ER, Plat J, Haenen GR, Kijlstra A, Berendschot TT. The effect of modified eggs and an egg-yolk based beverage on serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations and macular pigment optical density: results from a randomized trial. PLoS One 2014;9(3):e92659. View abstract.
106362
Glabska D, Guzek D, Zakrzewska P, Lech G. Intake of Lutein and Zeaxanthin as a Possible Factor Influencing Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Caucasian Individuals with Ulcerative Colitis in Remission Phase. J Clin Med 2019;8(1):77. View abstract.
106363
Kou L, Du M, Zhang C, Dai Z, Li X, Zhang B. The Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, and Anti-Diabetic Nephritic Activities of Zeaxanthin in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017;182(3):944-955. View abstract.
106364
Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Muz OE, Sahin N, Juturu V, Sahin K. Lutein and zeaxanthin isomers modulates lipid metabolism and the inflammatory state of retina in obesity-induced high-fat diet rodent model. BMC Ophthalmol 2017;17(1):129. View abstract.
106365
Xu X, Zhao X, Berde Y, Low YL, Kuchan MJ. Milk and Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations in Chinese Breast-Feeding Mother-Infant Dyads With Healthy Maternal Fruit and Vegetable Intake. J Am Coll Nutr 2019;38(2):179-184. View abstract.
106366
Wilson LM, Tharmarajah S, Jia Y, Semba RD, Schaumberg DA, Robinson KA. The Effect of Lutein/Zeaxanthin Intake on Human Macular Pigment Optical Density: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2021. View abstract.
106367
Hammond BR Jr, Miller LS, Bello MO, Lindbergh CA, Mewborn C, Renzi-Hammond LM. Effects of Lutein/Zeaxanthin Supplementation on the Cognitive Function of Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2017;9:254. View abstract.
106368
Juturu V, Bowman JP, Deshpande J. Overall skin tone and skin-lightening-improving effects with oral supplementation of lutein and zeaxanthin isomers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016;9:325-332. View abstract.
106369
Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Peto T, et al. The Impact of Supplemental Antioxidants on Visual Function in Nonadvanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Head-to-Head Randomized Clinical Trial. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017;58(12):5347-5360. View abstract.
106370
Stringham JM, Stringham NT. Serum and retinal responses to three different doses of macular carotenoids over 12 weeks of supplementation. Exp Eye Res 2016;151:1-8. View abstract.
106371
Forman MR, Beecher GR, Lanza E, et al. Effect of alcohol consumption on plasma carotenoid concentrations in premenopausal women: a controlled dietary study. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(1):131-5. View abstract.
106372
Männistö S, Yaun SS, Hunter DJ, et al. Dietary carotenoids and risk of colorectal cancer in a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. Am J Epidemiol 2007;165(3):246-55. View abstract.
106373
Bernstein PS, Li B, Vachali PP, Gorusupudi A, Shyam R, Henriksen BS, Nolan JM. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin: The basic and clinical science underlying carotenoid-based nutritional interventions against ocular disease. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016;50:34-66. View abstract.
107106
Mahmassani HA, Switkowski KM, Scott TM, et al. Maternal intake of lutein and zeaxanthin during pregnancy is positively associated with offspring verbal intelligence and behavior regulation in mid-childhood in the project viva cohort. J Nutr 2021;151(3):615-627. View abstract.
108615
Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, et al. Long-term Outcomes of Adding Lutein/Zeaxanthin and ?-3 Fatty Acids to the AREDS Supplements on Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: AREDS2 Report 28. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022. View abstract.
109756
Loughman J, Loskutova E, Butler JS, Siah WF, O'Brien C. Macular pigment response to lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation in open-angle glaucoma: A randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmol Sci 2021;1(3):100039. View abstract.
109758
Kotagiri SR, Morde A, Rai D, et al. Superior bioavailability of a novel lutein and zeaxanthin formulation in healthy human subjects. Ophthalmol Ther 2022;11(4):1463-1477. View abstract.
109759
Anderson MJ, Romaguera D, Saint-Amour D, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin intake during pregnancy and visual function in offspring at 11-12 years of age. Nutrients 2022;14(4):872. View abstract.
109760
Zhang Y, Knol LL, Tan L. Association between dietary lutein/zeaxanthin intake and metabolic syndrome among US females: An analysis of national health and examination surveys 2015-2018. Curr Dev Nutr 2021;5(10):nzab123. View abstract.
109761
Mahmassani HA, Switkowski KM, Johnson EJ, et al. Early childhood lutein and zeaxanthin intake is positively associated with early childhood receptive vocabulary and mid-childhood executive function but no other cognitive or behavioral outcomes in project viva. J Nutr 2022;152(11):2555-64. View abstract.
109762
Kang T, Liu Y, Chen X, et al. Dietary carotenoid intake and risk of developing preeclampsia: a hospital-based case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022;22(1):427. View abstract.
109763
Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Drummond PD. The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on cognitive function in adults with self-reported mild cognitive complaints: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Front Nutr 2022;9:843512. View abstract.
109764
Nolan JM, Power R, Howard AN, et al. Supplementation with carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin E has a positive effect on the symptoms and progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022;90(1):233-249. View abstract.
109765
Zhang W, Li W, Du J. Association between dietary carotenoid intakes and the risk of asthma in adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 2007-2012. BMJ Open 2022;12(6):e052320. View abstract.
109768
Qiu Z, Chen X, Geng T, et al. Associations of serum carotenoids with risk of cardiovascular mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes: Results from NHANES. Diabetes Care 2022;45(6):1453-1461. View abstract.