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Lee, H. S. Acaricidal activity of constituents identified in Foeniculum vulgare fruit oil against Dermatophagoides spp. (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J Agric.Food Chem. 5-19-2004;52(10):2887-2889. View abstract.
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Aggarwal, B. B. and Shishodia, S. Suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway by spice-derived phytochemicals: reasoning for seasoning. Ann.N.Y Acad.Sci. 2004;1030:434-441. View abstract.
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Tognolini, M., Ballabeni, V., Bertoni, S., Bruni, R., Impicciatore, M., and Barocelli, E. Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis. Pharmacol.Res 2007;56(3):254-260. View abstract.
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Orhan, I., Kartal, M., Kan, Y., and Sener, B. Activity of essential oils and individual components against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Z.Naturforsch.C. 2008;63(7-8):547-553. View abstract.
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Aggarwal, B. B. and Shishodia, S. Molecular targets of dietary agents for prevention and therapy of cancer. Biochem.Pharmacol 5-14-2006;71(10):1397-1421. View abstract.
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Hotta, M., Nakata, R., Katsukawa, M., Hori, K., Takahashi, S., and Inoue, H. Carvacrol, a component of thyme oil, activates PPARalpha and gamma and suppresses COX-2 expression. J Lipid Res 2010;51(1):132-139. View abstract.
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Aggarwal, B. B., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Harikumar, K. B., Tharakan, S. T., Sung, B., and Anand, P. Potential of spice-derived phytochemicals for cancer prevention. Planta Med 2008;74(13):1560-1569. View abstract.
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Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455. View abstract.
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Schone, F., Vetter, A., Hartung, H., Bergmann, H., Biertumpfel, A., Richter, G., Muller, S., and Breitschuh, G. Effects of essential oils from fennel (Foeniculi aetheroleum) and caraway (Carvi aetheroleum) in pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2006;90(11-12):500-510. View abstract.
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Gutierrez, J., Rodriguez, G., Barry-Ryan, C., and Bourke, P. Efficacy of plant essential oils against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria associated with ready-to-eat vegetables: antimicrobial and sensory screening. J Food Prot. 2008;71(9):1846-1854. View abstract.
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Vasudevan, K., Vembar, S., Veeraraghavan, K., and Haranath, P. S. Influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats. Indian J.Gastroenterol. 2000;19(2):53-56. View abstract.
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Zidorn, C., Johrer, K., Ganzera, M., Schubert, B., Sigmund, E. M., Mader, J., Greil, R., Ellmerer, E. P., and Stuppner, H. Polyacetylenes from the Apiaceae vegetables carrot, celery, fennel, parsley, and parsnip and their cytotoxic activities. J Agric.Food Chem. 4-6-2005;53(7):2518-2523. View abstract.
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Bub, S., Brinckmann, J., Cicconetti, G., and Valentine, B. Efficacy of an herbal dietary supplement (Smooth Move) in the management of constipation in nursing home residents: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am.Med.Dir.Assoc. 2006;7(9):556-561. View abstract.
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El Bardai, S., Lyoussi, B., Wibo, M., and Morel, N. Pharmacological evidence of hypotensive activity of Marrubium vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2001;23(4):329-343. View abstract.
49413
Kwon, Y. S., Choi, W. G., Kim, W. J., Kim, W. K., Kim, M. J., Kang, W. H., and Kim, C. M. Antimicrobial constituents of Foeniculum vulgare. Arch Pharm.Res 2002;25(2):154-157. View abstract.
49419
Kim, D. H., Kim, S. I., Chang, K. S., and Ahn, Y. J. Repellent activity of constituents identified in Foeniculum vulgare fruit against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J.Agric.Food Chem. 11-20-2002;50(24):6993-6996. View abstract.
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Namavar, Jahromi B., Tartifizadeh, A., and Khabnadideh, S. Comparison of fennel and mefenamic acid for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2003;80(2):153-157. View abstract.
49428
Alexandrovich, I., Rakovitskaya, O., Kolmo, E., Sidorova, T., and Shushunov, S. The effect of fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Altern.Ther.Health Med. 2003;9(4):58-61. View abstract.
49429
Javidnia, K., Dastgheib, L., Mohammadi, Samani S., and Nasiri, A. Antihirsutism activity of Fennel (fruits of Foeniculum vulgare) extract. A double-blind placebo controlled study. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(6-7):455-458. View abstract.
49438
Choi, E. M. and Hwang, J. K. Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia 2004;75(6):557-565. View abstract.
49440
Liu, Z., Lu, C., and Chen, J. [Correlation comparison of uterotrophic assay and E-SCREEN assay for estrogenic activities]. Wei Sheng Yan.Jiu. 2004;33(4):458-460. View abstract.
49442
Kim, S. I., Chang, K. S., Yang, Y. C., Kim, B. S., and Ahn, Y. J. Repellency of aerosol and cream products containing fennel oil to mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Pest.Manag.Sci 2004;60(11):1125-1130. View abstract.
49444
Murone, A. J., Stucki, P., Roback, M. G., and Gehri, M. Severe methemoglobinemia due to food intoxication in infants. Pediatr.Emerg.Care 2005;21(8):536-538. View abstract.
49445
Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. View abstract.
49452
Joshi, H. and Parle, M. Cholinergic basis of memory-strengthening effect of Foeniculum vulgare Linn. J Med Food 2006;9(3):413-417. View abstract.
49453
Modaress, Nejad, V and Asadipour, M. Comparison of the effectiveness of fennel and mefenamic acid on pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea. East Mediterr.Health J 2006;12(3-4):423-427. View abstract.
49454
Ozcan, M. M., Chalchat, J. C., Arslan, D., Ates, A., and Unver, A. Comparative essential oil composition and antifungal effect of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) fruit oils obtained during different vegetation. J Med Food 2006;9(4):552-561. View abstract.
49464
Camacho-Corona, Mdel R., Ramirez-Cabrera, M. A., Santiago, O. G., Garza-Gonzalez, E., Palacios, Ide P., and Luna-Herrera, J. Activity against drug resistant-tuberculosis strains of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. Phytother.Res 2008;22(1):82-85. View abstract.
49465
Wright, C. I., Van Buren, L., Kroner, C. I., and Koning, M. M. Herbal medicines as diuretics: a review of the scientific evidence. J Ethnopharmacol. 10-8-2007;114(1):1-31. View abstract.
49468
Subehan, Zaidi, S. F., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Inhibition on human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 by constituents of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): identification and characterization of a mechanism-based inactivator. J Agric.Food Chem. 12-12-2007;55(25):10162-10167. View abstract.
49471
Abramson, C. I., Wanderley, P. A., Wanderley, M. J., Silva, J. C., and Michaluk, L. M. The effect of essential oils of sweet fennel and pignut on mortality and learning in africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Neotrop.Entomol. 2007;36(6):828-835. View abstract.
49477
Agarwal, R., Gupta, S. K., Agrawal, S. S., Srivastava, S., and Saxena, R. Oculohypotensive effects of foeniculum vulgare in experimental models of glaucoma. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;52(1):77-83. View abstract.
49478
LEVY, S. B. Bronchial asthma due to ingestion of fennel and fennel seed. Ann.Allergy 1948;6(4):415. View abstract.
49479
Singh, B. and Kale, R. K. Chemomodulatory action of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) on skin and forestomach papillomagenesis, enzymes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant status in murine model system. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2008;46(12):3842-3850. View abstract.
49488
Zeller, A., Horst, K., and Rychlik, M. Study of the metabolism of estragole in humans consuming fennel tea. Chem.Res Toxicol. 2009;22(12):1929-1937. View abstract.
49494
Picon, P. D., Picon, R. V., Costa, A. F., Sander, G. B., Amaral, K. M., Aboy, A. L., and Henriques, A. T. Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. BMC.Complement Altern.Med. 2010;10:17. View abstract.
49507
Ottolenghi, A., De Chiara, A., Arrigoni, S., Terracciano, L., and De Amici, M. [Diagnosis of food allergy caused by fruit and vegetables in children with atopic dermatitis]. Pediatr Med Chir 1995;17(6):525-530. View abstract.
49512
Zahrani SH, Amjady MA, Mojab F, and et al. Clinical effects of foeniculum vulgare extract on systemic symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea in students of Shaheed Beheshti University in Tehran [Farsi]. SBMU Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery Quarterly (SBMU FAC NURS MIDWIFERY Q) 2005;15(49):14.
49517
Arya, S. Controlling angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor induced cough by fennel fruit. Indian J Pharmacol 1999;31(2):159.
49518
Dres, C, Johnson, C, and Loda, L. Enzymes and erythema reduction. SPC 1999;71(313):33.
49520
Platel K and Srinivasan K. A Study of the digestive stimulant action of select spices in experimental rats. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2001;38(4):358.
49523
Gilligan NP. The palliation of nausea in hospice and palliative care patients with essential oils of Pimpinella anisum (aniseed), Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (sweet fennel), Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile) and Mentha x piperita (peppermint). International Journal of Aromatherapy (INT J AROMATHERAPY) 2005;15(4):163-167.
92508
Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH. Foeniculum vulgare Mill: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:842674. View abstract.
92509
Yaralizadeh M, Abedi P, Najar S, Namjoyan F, Saki A. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) vaginal cream on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Maturitas 2016;84:75-80. View abstract.
92510
Bae J, Kim J, Choue R, Lim H. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) tea drinking suppresses subjective short-term appetite in overweight women. Clin Nutr Res 2015;4(3):168-74. View abstract.
97422
Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Scribano ML, et al. Curcumin and fennel essential oil improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2016 Jun;25(2):151-7. View abstract.
97496
Abedi P, Najafian M, Yaralizadeh M, Namjoyan F. Effect of fennel vaginal cream on sexual function in postmenopausal women: A double blind randomized controlled trial. J Med Life. 2018;11(1):24-28. View abstract.
97497
Harb T, Matsuyama M, David M, Hill RJ. Infant Colic-What works: A Systematic Review of Interventions for Breast-fed Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;62(5):668-86. View abstract.
97498
Rahimikian F, Rahimi R, Golzareh P, Bekhradi R, Mehran A. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Menopause. 2017;24(9):1017-1021. View abstract.
100513
Trabace L, Tucci P, Ciuffreda L, et al. "Natural" relief of pregnancy-related symptoms and neonatal outcomes: above all do no harm. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;174:396-402. View abstract.
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Mahdavian M, Mirzaii Najmabadi K, Hosseinzadeh H, Mirzaeian S, Badiee Aval S, Esmaeeli H. Effect of the mixed herbal medicines extract (fennel, chamomile, and saffron) on menopause syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Caring Sci. 2019;8(3):181-9. View abstract.
103822
Denaxa D, Arkwright PD. Fennel as a cause of immediate hypersensitivity to toothpaste. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125(1):99-100. View abstract.
104196
Lee HW, Ang L, Lee MS, Alimoradi Z, Kim E. Fennel for reducing pain in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 2020;12(11):3438. View abstract.
104197
Nadjarzadeh A, Ghadiri-Anari A, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, et al. Effect of hypocaloric high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet supplemented with fennel on androgenic and anthropometric indices in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2021;56:102633. View abstract.
104198
Ghaffari P, Hosseininik M, Afrasiabifar A, et al. The effect of fennel seed powder on estradiol levels, menopausal symptoms, and sexual desire in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2020;27(11):1281-6. View abstract.
104199
Alazadeh M, Azadbakht M, Niksolat F, et al. Effect of sweet fennel seed extract capsule on knee pain in women with knee osteoarthritis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020;40:101219. View abstract.
108972
Shahrahmani H, Ghazanfarpour M, Shahrahmani N, Abdi F, Sewell RDE, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Effect of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Complement Integr Med 2021;18(2):261-269. View abstract.
108973
Azimi M, Niayesh H, Raeiszadeh M, Khodabandeh-Shahraki S. Efficacy of the herbal formula of Foeniculum vulgare and Rosa damascena on elderly patients with functional constipation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med 2022;20(3):230-236. View abstract.
108974
Bahman M, Hajimehdipoor H, Bioos S, Hashem-Dabaghian F, Afrakhteh M, Tansaz M. Effect of Aslagh Capsule, a Traditional Compound Herbal Product on Oligomenorrhea in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Three-Arm, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Galen Med J 2019;8:e1261. View abstract.
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Mathew T, John SK, Javali M, Vasireddy M, Nadig R, Sarma GRK. Substance use related cluster headache: A case series. Headache 2022;62(7):908-910. View abstract.
112369
Jenabi E, Khazaei S, Aghababaei S, Moradkhani S. Effect of Fennel-Valerian Extract on Hot Flashes and Sleep Disorders in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial. J Menopausal Med 2023;29(1):21-28. View abstract.
112370
Aliakbari F, Naghdipour Mirsadeghi M, Hashemi E, Rahimi-Madiseh M, Mohammadi B. Effects of Combination Therapy with Bunium persicum and Foeniculum vulgare Extracts on Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Adv Biomed Res 2022;11:74. View abstract.