Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.

Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.

Ultee A, Kets EP, Smid EJ. Mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999;65:4606-10. View abstract.

Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol 1999;86:985-90. View abstract.

Braverman Y, Chizov-Ginzburg A. Repellency of synthetic and plant-derived preparations for Culicoides imicola. Med Vet Entomol 1997;11:355-60. View abstract.

Daferera DJ, Ziogas BN, Polissiou MG. GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:2576-81. View abstract.

Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000;88:308-16. View abstract.

Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:369-78. View abstract.

Rodriguez M, Alvarez M, Zayas M. [Microbiological quality of spices consumed in Cuba]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1991;33:149-51.

Kivanc M, Akgul A, Dogan A. Inhibitory and stimulatory effects of cumin, oregano and their essential oils on growth and acid production of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Int J Food Microbiol 1991;13:81-5. View abstract.

Akgul A, Kivanc M. Inhibitory effects of selected Turkish spices and oregano components on some foodborne fungi. Int J Food Microbiol 1988;6:263-8. View abstract.

Benito M, Jorro G, Morales C, et al. Labiatae allergy: systemic reactions due to ingestion of oregano and thyme. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996;76:416-8. View abstract.

Ultee A, Gorris LG, Smid EJ. Bactericidal activity of carvacrol towards the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. J Appl Microbiol 1998;85:211-8. View abstract.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182

Chevallier A. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. 2nd ed. New York, NY: DK Publ, Inc., 2000.

Vimalanathan S, Hudson J. Anti-influenza virus activities of commercial oregano oils and their carriers. J App Pharma Sci 2012;2:214.

Ciganda C, and Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:235-239. View abstract.

Brune, M., Rossander, L., and Hallberg, L. Iron absorption and phenolic compounds: importance of different phenolic structures. Eur.J Clin Nutr 1989;43(8):547-557. View abstract.

Elgayyar, M., Draughon, F. A., Golden, D. A., and Mount, J. R. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from plants against selected pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms. J Food Prot. 2001;64(7):1019-1024. View abstract.

Burt, S. A. and Reinders, R. D. Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2003;36(3):162-167. View abstract.

Friedman, M., Henika, P. R., Levin, C. E., and Mandrell, R. E. Antibacterial activities of plant essential oils and their components against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juice. J Agric.Food Chem. 9-22-2004;52(19):6042-6048. View abstract.

Inouye, S., Nishiyama, Y., Uchida, K., Hasumi, Y., Yamaguchi, H., and Abe, S. The vapor activity of oregano, perilla, tea tree, lavender, clove, and geranium oils against a Trichophyton mentagrophytes in a closed box. J Infect.Chemother. 2006;12(6):349-354. View abstract.

Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Beraoud, L. Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus by essential oils of selected plant materials. J Environ.Pathol.Toxicol Oncol. 1994;13(1):67-72. View abstract.

Irkin, R. and Korukluoglu, M. Growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and some yeasts by selected essential oils and survival of L. monocytogenes and C. albicans in apple-carrot juice. Foodborne.Pathog.Dis. 2009;6(3):387-394. View abstract.

Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290. View abstract.

Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. View abstract.

Tampieri, M. P., Galuppi, R., Macchioni, F., Carelle, M. S., Falcioni, L., Cioni, P. L., and Morelli, I. The inhibition of Candida albicans by selected essential oils and their major components. Mycopathologia 2005;159(3):339-345. View abstract.

Ultee, A., Kets, E. P., Alberda, M., Hoekstra, F. A., and Smid, E. J. Adaptation of the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus to carvacrol. Arch.Microbiol. 2000;174(4):233-238. View abstract.

Lambert, R. J., Skandamis, P. N., Coote, P. J., and Nychas, G. J. A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. J Appl.Microbiol. 2001;91(3):453-462. View abstract.

Manohar, V., Ingram, C., Gray, J., Talpur, N. A., Echard, B. W., Bagchi, D., and Preuss, H. G. Antifungal activities of origanum oil against Candida albicans. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2001;228(1-2):111-117. View abstract.

Goun, E., Cunningham, G., Solodnikov, S., Krasnykch, O., and Miles, H. Antithrombin activity of some constituents from Origanum vulgare. Fitoterapia 2002;73(7-8):692-694. View abstract.

Nostro, A., Blanco, A. R., Cannatelli, M. A., Enea, V., Flamini, G., Morelli, I., Sudano, Roccaro A., and Alonzo, V. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococci to oregano essential oil, carvacrol and thymol. FEMS Microbiol.Lett. 1-30-2004;230(2):191-195. View abstract.

Lemhadri, A., Zeggwagh, N. A., Maghrani, M., Jouad, H., and Eddouks, M. Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare growing wild in Tafilalet region. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;92(2-3):251-256. View abstract.

McCue, P., Vattem, D., and Shetty, K. Inhibitory effect of clonal oregano extracts against porcine pancreatic amylase in vitro. Asia Pac.J Clin.Nutr. 2004;13(4):401-408. View abstract.

Shan, B., Cai, Y. Z., Sun, M., and Corke, H. Antioxidant capacity of 26 spice extracts and characterization of their phenolic constituents. J Agric.Food Chem. 10-5-2005;53(20):7749-7759. View abstract.

Rodriguez-Meizoso, I., Marin, F. R., Herrero, M., Senorans, F. J., Reglero, G., Cifuentes, A., and Ibanez, E. Subcritical water extraction of nutraceuticals with antioxidant activity from oregano. Chemical and functional characterization. J Pharm.Biomed.Anal. 8-28-2006;41(5):1560-1565. View abstract.

Koukoulitsa, C., Karioti, A., Bergonzi, M. C., Pescitelli, G., Di Bari, L., and Skaltsa, H. Polar constituents from the aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. Ssp. hirtum growing wild in Greece. J Agric.Food Chem. 7-26-2006;54(15):5388-5392. View abstract.

Nurmi, A., Mursu, J., Nurmi, T., Nyyssonen, K., Alfthan, G., Hiltunen, R., Kaikkonen, J., Salonen, J. T., and Voutilainen, S. Consumption of juice fortified with oregano extract markedly increases excretion of phenolic acids but lacks short- and long-term effects on lipid peroxidation in healthy nonsmoking men. J Agric.Food Chem. 8-9-2006;54(16):5790-5796. View abstract.

Hawas, U. W., El Desoky, S. K., Kawashty, S. A., and Sharaf, M. Two new flavonoids from Origanum vulgare. Nat.Prod.Res 2008;22(17):1540-1543. View abstract.

Baser, K. H. Biological and pharmacological activities of carvacrol and carvacrol bearing essential oils. Curr.Pharm.Des 2008;14(29):3106-3119. View abstract.

Ozdemir, B., Ekbul, A., Topal, N. B., Sarandol, E., Sag, S., Baser, K. H., Cordan, J., Gullulu, S., Tuncel, E., Baran, I., and Aydinlar, A. Effects of Origanum onites on endothelial function and serum biochemical markers in hyperlipidaemic patients. J Int Med Res 2008;36(6):1326-1334. View abstract.

De Martino, L., De, Feo, V, Formisano, C., Mignola, E., and Senatore, F. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from three chemotypes of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart growing wild in Campania (Southern Italy). Molecules. 2009;14(8):2735-2746. View abstract.

Preuss, H. G., Echard, B., Dadgar, A., Talpur, N., Manohar, V., Enig, M., Bagchi, D., and Ingram, C. Effects of Essential Oils and Monolaurin on Staphylococcus aureus: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Toxicol.Mech.Methods 2005;15(4):279-285. View abstract.

Ragi, J., Pappert, A., Rao, B., Havkin-Frenkel, D., and Milgraum, S. Oregano extract ointment for wound healing: a randomized, double-blind, petrolatum-controlled study evaluating efficacy. J.Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(10):1168-1172. View abstract.

Klement, A. A., Fedorova, Z. D., Volkova, S. D., Egorova, L. V., and Shul'kina, N. M. [Use of a herbal infusion of Origanum in hemophilia patients during tooth extraction]. Probl.Gematol.Pereliv.Krovi. 1978;(7):25-28. View abstract.

Singletary K. Oregano: overview of the literature on health benefits. Nutrition Today 2010;45(3):129-38.

Lukas B, Schmiderer C, Novak J. Essential oil diversity of European Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae). Phytochemistry 2015;119:32-40. View abstract.

Dahiya P, Purkayastha S. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012;74(5):443-50. View abstract.

Fournomiti M, Kimbaris A, Mantzourani I, et al. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of cultivated oregano (Origanum vulgare), sage (Salvia officinalis), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb Ecol Health Dis 2015;26:23289. View abstract.

Teixeira B, Marques A, Ramos C, et al. Chemical composition and bioactivity of different oregano (Origanum vulgare) extracts and essential oil. J Sci Food Agric 2013;93:2707-14. View abstract.

Ghitea TC, El-Kharoubi A, Ganea M, et al. The Antimicrobial Activity of Origanum vulgare L. Correlated with the Gastrointestinal Perturbation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2021;26(2):283. View abstract.

Silva MLAE, Lucarini R, Dos Santos FF, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of rosmarinic acid-rich infusion (RosCE) from Origanum vulgare in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Nat Prod Res 2022;36(17):4525-4531. View abstract.

Ghorbani Ranjbary A, Mehrzad J, Talebkhan Garoussi M, Zohdi J. Long Term Oral Administration of Oregano Essence Effectively Relieves Polycystic Ovarian Rats through Endocrine and Inflammatory Balance. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022;2022:5303583. View abstract.