References
Gotu Kola
4
Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
780
Pointel JP, Boccalon H, Cloarec M, et al. Titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) in the treatment of venous insufficiency of the lower limbs. Angiol 1987;38:46-50. View abstract.
1889
Mook-Jung I, Shin JE, Yun SH, et al. Protective effects of asiaticoside derivatives against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity. J Neurosci Res 1999;58:417-25. View abstract.
1890
Maquart FX, Chastang F, Simeon A, et al. Triterpenes from Centella asiatica stimulate extracellular matrix accumulation in rat experimental wounds. Eur J Dermatol 1999;9:289-96. View abstract.
2700
Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, et al. In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;65:1-11. View abstract.
6687
Kenady DE, Chretien PB, Potvin C, Simon RM. Thymosin reconstitution of T-cell deficits in vitro in cancer patients. Cancer 1977;39:575-80. View abstract.
6887
Brinkhaus B, Lindner M, Schuppan D, Hahn EG. Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the east Asian medical plant Centella asiatica. Phytomedicine 2000;7:427-48. View abstract.
7691
Cheng CL, Koo MWL. Effects of Centella asiatica on ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Life Sci 2000;67:2647-53. View abstract.
7692
Babu TD, Kuttan G, Padikkala J. Cytotoxic and anti-tumour properties of certain taxa of Umbelliferae with special reference to Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. J Ethnopharmacol 1995;48:53-7. View abstract.
9786
Belcaro GV, Rulo A, Grimaldi R. Capillary filtration and ankle edema in patients with venous hypertension treated with TTFCA. Angiology 1990;41:12-8.. View abstract.
9789
Eun HC, Lee AY. Contact dermatitis due to madecassol. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13:310-3.. View abstract.
10276
Dutta T, Basu UP. Crude extract of Centella asiatica and products derived from its glycosides as oral antifertility agents. Indian J Exp Biol 1968;6:181-2.
10277
Hausen BM. Centella asiatica (Indian pennywort), an effective therapeutic but a weak sensitizer. Contact Dermatitis 1993;29:175-9.. View abstract.
10278
Bilbao I, Aguirre A, Zabala R, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from butoxyethyl nicotinic acid and Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33:435-6.
11061
Incandela L, Cesarone MR, Cacchio M, et al. Total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in chronic venous insufficiency and in high-perfusion microangiopathy. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S9-13. View abstract.
11062
Incandela L, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al. Modification of the echogenicity of femoral plaques after treatment with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S69-73. View abstract.
11063
Incandela L, Belcaro G, De Sanctis MT, et al. Total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in the treatment of venous hypertension: a clinical, prospective, randomized trial using a combined microcirculatory model. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S61-7. View abstract.
11064
De Sanctis MT, Belcaro G, Incandela L, et al. Treatment of edema and increased capillary filtration in venous hypertension with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a clinical, prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose-ranging trial. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S55-9. View abstract.
11065
Cesarone MR, Incandela L, De Sanctis MT, et al. Evaluation of treatment of diabetic microangiopathy with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a clinical prospective randomized trial with a microcirculatory model. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S49-54. View abstract.
11066
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rulo A, et al. Microcirculatory effects of total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in chronic venous hypertension: measurement by laser Doppler, TcPO2-CO2, and leg volumetry. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S45-8. View abstract.
11067
Cesarone MR, Incandela L, De Sanctis MT, et al. Flight microangiopathy in medium- to long-distance flights: prevention of edema and microcirculation alterations with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S33-7. View abstract.
11068
Incandela L, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, et al. Treatment of diabetic microangiopathy and edema with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a prospective, placebo-controlled randomized study. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S27-31. View abstract.
11069
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al. Increase in echogenicity of echolucent carotid plaques after treatment with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S19-25. View abstract.
11070
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, De Sanctis MT, et al. Effects of the total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in venous hypertensive microangiopathy: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2:S15-18. View abstract.
11071
Bradwejn J, Zhou Y, Koszycki D, Shlik J. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;20:680-4. View abstract.
11072
Widgerow AD, Chait LA, Stals R, Stals PJ. New innovations in scar management. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2000;24:227-34. View abstract.
11073
Young GL, Jewell D. Creams for preventing stretch marks in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000066. View abstract.
13182
Jorge OA, Jorge AD. Hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of Centella asiatica. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2005;97:115-24. View abstract.
13558
Bosse JP, Papillon J, Frenette G, et al. Clinical study of a new antikeloid agent. Ann Plast Surg 1979;3:13,21. View abstract.
13559
Mallol J, Belda MA, Costa D, et al. Prophylaxis of striae gravidarum with a topical formulation. A double blind trial. Int J Cosmet Sci 1991;3:51-7.
13560
Guo JS, Cheng CL, Koo MW. Inhibitory effects of Centella asiatica water extract and asiaticoside on inducible nitric oxide synthase during gastric ulcer healing in rats. Planta Med 2004;70:1150-4. View abstract.
13688
Sastravaha G, Yotnuengnit P, Booncong P, Sangtherapitikul P. Adjunctive periodontal treatment with Centella asiatica and Punica granatum extracts. A preliminary study. J Int Acad Periodontol 2003;5:106-15. View abstract.
52870
Shukla, A., Rasik, A. M., and Dhawan, B. N. Asiaticoside-induced elevation of antioxidant levels in healing wounds. Phytother.Res 1999;13(1):50-54. View abstract.
52872
Yoosook, C., Bunyapraphatsara, N., Boonyakiat, Y., and Kantasuk, C. Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of crude water extracts of Thai medicinal plants. Phytomedicine. 2000;6(6):411-419. View abstract.
52873
Sairam, K., Rao, C. V., and Goel, R. K. Effect of Centella asiatica Linn on physical and chemical factors induced gastric ulceration and secretion in rats. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 2001;39(2):137-142. View abstract.
52874
Chatterjee, T. K., Chakraborty, A., Pathak, M., and Sengupta, G. C. Effects of plant extract Centella asiatica (Linn.) on cold restraint stress ulcer in rats. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 1992;30(10):889-891. View abstract.
52875
Izu, R., Aguirre, A., Gil, N., and Diaz-Perez, J. L. Allergic contact dermatitis from a cream containing Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1992;26(3):192-193. View abstract.
52877
Ming, Z. J., Liu, S. Z., and Cao, L. [Effect of total glucosides of Centella asiatica on antagonizing liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2004;24(8):731-734. View abstract.
52878
O'Brien, B. Night eating syndrome and Gotu Kola. Ir.Med J 2005;98(10):250-251. View abstract.
52879
Kaziulin, A. N., Petukhov, A. B., and Kucheriavyi, IuA. [Efficiency of includes of bioactive substances in diet of patient with hepatic encephalopathy]. Vopr.Pitan. 2006;75(2):40-44. View abstract.
52880
Carlson, J. J., Farquhar, J. W., DiNucci, E., Ausserer, L., Zehnder, J., Miller, D., Berra, K., Hagerty, L., and Haskell, W. L. Safety and efficacy of a ginkgo biloba-containing dietary supplement on cognitive function, quality of life, and platelet function in healthy, cognitively intact older adults. J Am Diet.Assoc 2007;107(3):422-432. View abstract.
52881
Ramanathan, M., Sivakumar, S., Anandvijayakumar, P. R., Saravanababu, C., and Pandian, P. R. Neuroprotective evaluation of standardized extract of Centella asciatica in monosodium glutamate treated rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2007;45(5):425-431. View abstract.
52883
Darnis, F., Orcel, L., Saint-Maur, P. P., and Mamou, P. [Use of a titrated extract of Centella asiatica in chronic hepatic disorders (author's transl)]. Sem.Hop. 11-8-1979;55(37-38):1749-1750. View abstract.
52884
Grimaldi, R., De Ponti, F., D'Angelo, L., Caravaggi, M., Guidi, G., Lecchini, S., Frigo, G. M., and Crema, A. Pharmacokinetics of the total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica after single and multiple administrations to healthy volunteers. A new assay for asiatic acid. J Ethnopharmacol. 1990;28(2):235-241. View abstract.
52885
Belcaro, G. V., Grimaldi, R., and Guidi, G. Improvement of capillary permeability in patients with venous hypertension after treatment with TTFCA. Angiology 1990;41(7):533-540. View abstract.
52886
Zheng, M. S. An experimental study of the anti-HSV-II action of 500 herbal drugs. J Tradit.Chin Med 1989;9(2):113-116. View abstract.
52887
Santucci, B., Picardo, M., and Cristaudo, A. Contact dermatitis due to Centelase. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13(1):39. View abstract.
52888
Vena, G. A. and Angelini, G. Contact allergy to Centelase. Contact Dermatitis 1986;15(2):108-109. View abstract.
52889
Tenni, R., Zanaboni, G., De Agostini, M. P., Rossi, A., Bendotti, C., and Cetta, G. Effect of the triterpenoid fraction of Centella asiatica on macromolecules of the connective matrix in human skin fibroblast cultures. Ital.J Biochem 1988;37(2):69-77. View abstract.
52891
Sasaki, S., Shinkai, H., Akashi, Y., and Kishihara, Y. Studies on the mechanism of action of asiaticoside (Madecassol) on experimental granulation tissue and cultured fibroblasts and its clinical application in systemic scleroderma. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1972;52(2):141-150. View abstract.
52892
O'Keeffe, P. A trial of asiaticoside on skin graft donor areas. Br J Plast.Surg 1974;27(2):194-195. View abstract.
52894
Marastoni, F., Baldo, A., Redaelli, G., and Ghiringhelli, L. [Centella asiatica extract in venous pathology of the lower limbs and its evaluation as compared with tribenoside]. Minerva Cardioangiol. 1982;30(4):201-207. View abstract.
52896
Danese, P., Carnevali, C., and Bertazzoni, M. G. Allergic contact dermatitis due to Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31(3):201. View abstract.
52897
Cesarone, M. R., Laurora, G., De Sanctis, M. T., Incandela, L., Grimaldi, R., Marelli, C., and Belcaro, G. [The microcirculatory activity of Centella asiatica in venous insufficiency. A double-blind study]. Minerva Cardioangiol. 1994;42(6):299-304. View abstract.
52899
Rush, W. R., Murray, G. R., and Graham, D. J. The comparative steady-state bioavailability of the active ingredients of Madecassol. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1993;18(4):323-326. View abstract.
52900
Velasco, M. and Romero, E. Drug interaction between asiaticoside and some anti-inflammatory drugs in wound healing of the rat. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1976;19(1):121-125. View abstract.
52901
Bonte, F., Dumas, M., Chaudagne, C., and Meybeck, A. Influence of asiatic acid, madecassic acid, and asiaticoside on human collagen I synthesis. Planta Med 1994;60(2):133-135. View abstract.
52902
Bilbao, I., Aguirre, A., Zabala, R., Gonzalez, R., Raton, J., and Diaz Perez, J. L. Allergic contact dermatitis from butoxyethyl nicotinic acid and Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(6):435-436. View abstract.
52903
Suguna, L., Sivakumar, P., and Chandrakasan, G. Effects of Centella asiatica extract on dermal wound healing in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1996;34(12):1208-1211. View abstract.
52904
Sunilkumar, Parameshwaraiah, S., and Shivakumar, H. G. Evaluation of topical formulations of aqueous extract of Centella asiatica on open wounds in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1998;36(6):569-572. View abstract.
52907
Bradwejn J, Zhou Y, Koszycki, and et al. Effect of acute administration of Gotu-kola (Centella asiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy volunteers. XXIst Collegium Internationale Neuro-psychopharmacologicum, Glascow, Scotland (July 12-16) 1998;(Abstract Ref: NRW001)
52908
Bradwejn J, Koszycki D, Shlik J, and et al. Centella asiatica decreases the acoustic startle response. 152nd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC, USA (May 15-20) 1999;
52909
Belcaro G, Laurora G, Cesarone MR, and et al. Efficacy of Centellase (R) in the treatment of venous hypertension evaluated by a combined microcirculatory model. Curr Ther Res 1989;46(6):1015-1026.
52910
Cesarone MR, Incandela L, De Sanctis MT, and et al. Evaluation of treatment of diabetic microangiopathy with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a clinical prospective randomized trial with a microcirculatory model. Angiology 2001;52(10 suppl 2):S49-S54.
52912
Incandela L, Belcaro G, De Sanctis MT, and et al. Total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in the treatment of venous hypertension: a clinical, prospective, randomized trial using a combined microcirculatory model. Angiology 2001;52(10 suppl 2):S61-S67.
52913
Incandela L, Belacaro G, Cesarone MR, and et al. Treatment of diabetic microangiopathy and edema with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a prospective, placebo-controlled randomized study. Angiology 2001;52(10 suppl 2):S27-S31.
52914
De Sanctis MT, Belcaro G, Incandela L, and et al. Treatment of edema and increased capillary filtration in venous hypertension with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: A clinical, prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose-ranging trial. Angiology 2001;52(10 suppl 2):S55-S59.
52915
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, De Sanctis MT, and et al. Effects of the total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in venous hypertensive microangiopathy: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Angiology 2001;52(10 suppl 2):S15-S18.
52916
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rulo A, and et al. Microcirculatory effects of total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica in chronic venous hypertension: measurement by laser Doppler, TcPo2-co2, and leg volumetry. Angiology 2001;52(10 suppl 2):S45-S48.
52917
Belcaro GV, Grimaldi R, Guidi G, and et al. Treatment of diabetic micorangiopathy with TTFCA. A microcirculatory study with laser-Doppler flowmetry, P02/PC02, and capillary permeability measurements. Curr Ther Res 1990;47(3):421-428.
52923
Vogel HG, DeSouza N, and D'Sa A. Effects of terpenoids isolated from Centella asiatica on granuloma tissue. Acta Therapeutica 1990;16:285-298.
52924
De Sanctis MT, Incandela L, Cesarone MR, and et al. Acute effects of TTFCA on capillary filtration in severe venous hypertension. Panminerva Medica 1994;36(2):87-90.
52925
DeLucia R, Sertie JAA, Camargo EA, and et al. Pharmacologic and toxicological studies on Centella asiatica extract. Fitoterapia 1997;68:413-416.
52926
Sarma DNK, Khosa RL, Chansauria JPN, and et al. Antistress activity of Tinospora cordifolia and Centella asiatica extracts. Phytotherapy Research 1996;10(2):181-189.
67372
Klovekorn, W., Tepe, A., and Danesch, U. A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, half-side comparison with a herbal ointment containing Mahonia aquifolium, Viola tricolor and Centella asiatica for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. Int.J.Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 2007;45(11):583-591. View abstract.
92506
Dantuluri S, North-lewis P, Karthik SV. Gotu Kola induced hepatotoxicity in a child - need for caution with alternative remedies. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(6):500. View abstract.
92507
García Hernández JÁ, Madera González D, Padilla Castillo M, Figueras Falcón T. Use of a specific anti-stretch mark cream for preventing or reducing the severity of striae gravidarum. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2013;35(3):233-7. View abstract.
92564
Chandrika UG, Prasad kumarab PA. Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica): Nutritional Properties and Plausible Health Benefits. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2015;76:125-57. View abstract.
94129
Chong NJ, Azziz Z. A systematic review on the chemical constituents of Centella asiatica. Res J Pharma Biol Chem Sci. 2011;2(3):445-459.
97027
Saeidinia A, Keihanian F, Lashkari AP, et al. Partial-thickness burn wounds healing by topical treatment: a randomized controlled comparison between silver sulfadiazine and centiderm. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Mar;96(9):e6168. View abstract.
97028
Muangman P, Praditsuktavorn B, Chinaroonchai K, Chuntrasakul C. Clinical efficacy test of polyester containing herbal extract dressings in burn wound healing. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2016 Sep;15(3):203-12. View abstract.
97029
Belcaro G, Dugall M, Ippolito E, et al. Pycnogenol and centella asiatica to prevent asymptomatic atherosclerosis progression in clinical events. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2017 Feb;65(1):24-31. View abstract.
97030
Luzzi R, Belcaro G, Ippolito E. Carotid plaque stabilization induced by the supplement association Pycnogenol and centella asiatica (Centellicum). Minerva Cardioangiol. 2016 Dec;64(6):603-9. View abstract.
99756
Cotellese R, Hu S, Belcaro G, et al. Centella asiatica (Centellicum) facilitates the regular healing of surgical scars in subjects at high risk of keloids. Minerva Chir. 2018;73(2):151-156.
99757
Hu S, Belcaro G, Hosoi M, Feragalli B, Luzzi R, Dugall M. Postpartum stretchmarks: repairing activity of an oral Centella asiatica supplementation (Centellicum®). Minerva Ginecol. 2018;70(5):629-634. View abstract.
99758
Songvut P, Chariyavilaskul P, Tantisira MH, Khemawoot P. Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Standardized Extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) Capsules in Healthy Thai Volunteers: A Phase 1 Clinical Study. Planta Med. 2019;85(6):483-490. View abstract.
102792
Thanthong S, Nanthong R, Kongwattanakul S, et al. Prophylaxis of radiation-induced dermatitis in patients with breast cancer using herbal creams: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020;19:1534735420920714. View abstract.
102793
Surakunprapha P, Winaikosol K, Chowchuen B, Punyavong P, Jenwitheesuk K, Jenwitheesuk K. A prospective randomized double-blind study of silicone gel plus herbal extracts versus placebo in pre-sternal hypertrophic scar prevention and amelioration. Heliyon. 2020;6(5):e03883. View abstract.
102794
Damkerngsuntorn W, Rerknimitr P, Panchaprateep R, et al. The effects of a standardized extract of Centella asiatica on postlaser resurfacing wound healing on the face: A split-face, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2020;26(6):529-536. View abstract.
105329
Legiawati L, Bramono K, Indriatmi W, et al. Oral and topical Centella asiatica in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with dry skin: A three-arm prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:7253560. View abstract.
105330
Astutik FEF, Fauzia Zuhroh D, Rizqi Lazuardi Ramadhan M. The effect of gotu kola (Centella asiatica L.) tea on blood pressure of hypertension. Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Suppl 2:S195-S198. View abstract.
105331
Songvut P, Chariyavilaskul P, Khemawoot P, Tansawat R. Pharmacokinetics and metabolomics investigation of an orally modified formula of standardized Centella asiatica extract in healthy volunteers. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):6850. View abstract.
105332
Chiaretti M, Fegatelli DA, Ceccarelli G, Carru GA, Pappalardo G, Chiaretti AI. Comparison of flavonoids and Centella asiatica for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. A randomized clinical trial. Ann Ital Chir. 2018;89:330-336. View abstract.
105333
Jana U, Sur TK, Maity LN, Debnath PK, Bhattacharyya D. A clinical study on the management of generalized anxiety disorder with Centella asiatica. Nepal Med Coll J. 2010 Mar;12(1):8-11. View abstract.
105334
Puttarak P, Dilokthornsakul P, Saokaew S, et al. Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. on cognitive function and mood related outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):10646. View abstract.
105335
Kuo YS, Chien HF, Lu W. Plectranthus amboinicus and Centella asiatica cream for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:418679. View abstract.
105336
Chiaretti M, Fegatelli DA, Pappalardo G, Venti MDS, Chiaretti AI. Comparison of Centella with flavonoids for treatment of symptoms in hemorrhoidal disease and after surgical intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):8009. View abstract.
108862
Cesarone MR, Hu S, Belcaro G, et al. Pycnogenol®-Centellicum® supplementation improves lung fibrosis and post-COVID-19 lung healing. Minerva Med 2022;113(1):135-140. View abstract.
109554
Anggraeni S, Umborowati MA, Damayanti D, Endaryanto A, Prakoeswa CRS. Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021;32(4):589-93. View abstract.
109555
Wright KM, Bollen M, David J, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of key components of a standardized Centella asiatica product in cognitively impaired older adults: a phase 1, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022;11(2):215. View abstract.
110128
Koonrungsesomboon N, Churyen A, Teekachunhatean S, Sangdee C, Hanprasertpong N. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Thai Medicinal Plant-4 Cream versus Diclofenac Gel in the Management of Symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022;2022:8657000. View abstract.
111571
Poomanee W, Yaowiwat N, Pattarachaidaecharuch T, Leelapornpisid P. Optimized multiherbal combination and in vivo anti-skin aging potential: a randomized double blind placebo controlled study. Sci Rep 2023;13(1):5633. View abstract.
112425
Balevi M, Balevi A. The effect of Centella Asiatica cream on scar development in patients who underwent open carpal tunnel release surgery. J Hand Ther 2023. View abstract.