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Freire-de-Lima, L., Ribeiro, T. S., Rocha, G. M., Brandao, B. A., Romeiro, A., Mendonca-Previato, L., Previato, J. O., de Lima, M. E., de Carvalho, T. M., and Heise, N. The toxic effects of piperine against Trypanosoma cruzi: ultrastructural alterations and reversible blockage of cytokinesis in epimastigote forms. Parasitol.Res. 2008;102(5):1059-1067. View abstract.

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Friedman, M., Levin, C. E., Lee, S. U., Lee, J. S., Ohnisi-Kameyama, M., and Kozukue, N. Analysis by HPLC and LC/MS of pungent piperamides in commercial black, white, green, and red whole and ground peppercorns. J Agric.Food Chem. 5-14-2008;56(9):3028-3036. View abstract.

Kapoor, I. P., Singh, B., Singh, G., De Heluani, C. S., De Lampasona, M. P., and Catalan, C. A. Chemistry and in vitro antioxidant activity of volatile oil and oleoresins of black pepper (Piper nigrum). J Agric.Food Chem. 6-24-2009;57(12):5358-5364. View abstract.

Selvendiran, K., Thirunavukkarasu, C., Singh, J. P., Padmavathi, R., and Sakthisekaran, D. Chemopreventive effect of piperine on mitochondrial TCA cycle and phase-I and glutathione-metabolizing enzymes in benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2005;271(1-2):101-106. View abstract.

Selvendiran, K., Banu, S. M., and Sakthisekaran, D. Oral supplementation of piperine leads to altered phase II enzymes and reduced DNA damage and DNA-protein cross links in Benzo(a)pyrene induced experimental lung carcinogenesis. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2005;268(1-2):141-147. View abstract.

Krishnakumar, N., Manoharan, S., Palaniappan, P. R., Venkatachalam, P., and Manohar, M. G. Chemopreventive efficacy of piperine in 7,12-dimethyl benz [a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis: an FT-IR study. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2009;47(11):2813-2820. View abstract.

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Bezerra, D. P., Pessoa, C., de Moraes, M. O., Silveira, E. R., Lima, M. A., Elmiro, F. J., and Costa-Lotufo, L. V. Antiproliferative effects of two amides, piperine and piplartine, from Piper species. Z.Naturforsch.C. 2005;60(7-8):539-543. View abstract.

Selvendiran, K., Banu, S. M., and Sakthisekaran, D. Protective effect of piperine on benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Clin Chim.Acta 2004;350(1-2):73-78. View abstract.

Reen, R. K., Wiebel, F. J., and Singh, J. Piperine inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in V79 Chinese hamster cells genetically engineered to express rat cytochrome P4502B1. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;58(3):165-173. View abstract.

Singh, J., Reen, R. K., and Wiebel, F. J. Piperine, a major ingredient of black and long peppers, protects against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and micronuclei formation in H4IIEC3 rat hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett. 11-11-1994;86(2):195-200. View abstract.

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Gulcin, I. The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) seeds. Int.J Food Sci Nutr. 2005;56(7):491-499. View abstract.

Faas, L., Venkatasamy, R., Hider, R. C., Young, A. R., and Soumyanath, A. In vivo evaluation of piperine and synthetic analogues as potential treatments for vitiligo using a sparsely pigmented mouse model. Br.J Dermatol. 2008;158(5):941-950. View abstract.

Lin, Z., Hoult, J. R., Bennett, D. C., and Raman, A. Stimulation of mouse melanocyte proliferation by Piper nigrum fruit extract and its main alkaloid, piperine. Planta Med 1999;65(7):600-603. View abstract.

Taqvi, SI, Shah, AJ, and Gilani, AH. Insight into the possible mechanism of antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of piperine. Pharmaceutical Biology (Netherlands) 2009;47(660):664.

Capasso, R., Izzo, A. A., Borrelli, F., Russo, A., Sautebin, L., Pinto, A., Capasso, F., and Mascolo, N. Effect of piperine, the active ingredient of black pepper, on intestinal secretion in mice. Life Sci 9-27-2002;71(19):2311-2317. View abstract.

Bajad, S., Bedi, K. L., Singla, A. K., and Johri, R. K. Antidiarrhoeal activity of piperine in mice. Planta Med 2001;67(3):284-287. View abstract.

Naseri, M. K. and Yahyavi, H. Antispasmodic effect of Piper nigrum fruit hot water extract on rat ileum. Pak.J Biol.Sci 6-1-2008;11(11):1492-1496. View abstract.

Ononiwu, I. M., Ibeneme, C. E., and Ebong, O. O. Effects of piperine on gastric acid secretion in albino rats. Afr.J Med Med Sci 2002;31(4):293-295. View abstract.

Simas, N. K., Lima, Eda C., Kuster, R. M., Lage, C. L., and Oliveira Filho, A. M. Potential use of Piper nigrum ethanol extract against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae. Rev.Soc.Bras.Med Trop. 2007;40(4):405-407. View abstract.

Scott, I. M., Gagnon, N., Lesage, L., Philogene, B. J., and Arnason, J. T. Efficacy of botanical insecticides from Piper species (Piperaceae) extracts for control of Ruropean chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J Econ.Entomol. 2005;98(3):845-855. View abstract.

Ngamo, L. S., Ngassoum, M. B., Jirovetz, L., Ousman, A., Nukenine, E. C., and Mukala, O. E. Protection of stored maize against Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) by use of essential oils of spices from Cameroon. Meded.Rijksuniv.Gent Fak.Landbouwkd.Toegep.Biol.Wet. 2001;66(2a):473-478. View abstract.

Park, I. K., Lee, S. G., Shin, S. C., Park, J. D., and Ahn, Y. J. Larvicidal activity of isobutylamides identified in Piper nigrum fruits against three mosquito species. J Agric.Food Chem. 3-27-2002;50(7):1866-1870. View abstract.

Meghwal M, Goswami TK. Piper nigrum and piperine: an update. Phytother Res. 2013;27(8):1121-30. View abstract.

Dearlove, R. P., Greenspan, P., Hartle, D. K., Swanson, R. B., and Hargrove, J. L. Inhibition of protein glycation by extracts of culinary herbs and spices. J Med Food 2008;11(2):275-281. View abstract.

Topal, U., Sasaki, M., Goto, M., and Otles, S. Chemical compositions and antioxidant properties of essential oils from nine species of Turkish plants obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 2008;59(7-8):619-634. View abstract.

Chaudhry, N. M. and Tariq, P. Bactericidal activity of black pepper, bay leaf, aniseed and coriander against oral isolates. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2006;19(3):214-218. View abstract.

O'Mahony, R., Al Khtheeri, H., Weerasekera, D., Fernando, N., Vaira, D., Holton, J., and Basset, C. Bactericidal and anti-adhesive properties of culinary and medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol. 12-21-2005;11(47):7499-7507. View abstract.

Chaubey, M. K. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from some common spices against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J Oleo.Sci 2008;57(3):171-179. View abstract.

Hendrix, C. R., Housh, T. J., Mielke, M., Zuniga, J. M., Camic, C. L., Johnson, G. O., Schmidt, R. J., and Housh, D. J. Acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press and leg extension strength and time to exhaustion during cycle ergometry. J Strength.Cond.Res 2010;24(3):859-865. View abstract.

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George, D. R., Sparagano, O. A., Port, G., Okello, E., Shiel, R. S., and Guy, J. H. Repellence of plant essential oils to Dermanyssus gallinae and toxicity to the non-target invertebrate Tenebrio molitor. Vet.Parasitol. 5-26-2009;162(1-2):129-134. View abstract.

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Saraswat, M., Reddy, P. Y., Muthenna, P., and Reddy, G. B. Prevention of non-enzymic glycation of proteins by dietary agents: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications. Br.J Nutr. 2009;101(11):1714-1721. View abstract.

Saraswat, M., Muthenna, P., Suryanarayana, P., Petrash, J. M., and Reddy, G. B. Dietary sources of aldose reductase inhibitors: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(4):558-565. View abstract.

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Amer, A. and Mehlhorn, H. Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex larvae (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitol.Res. 2006;99(4):466-472. View abstract.

Panossian, A., Nikoyan, N., Ohanyan, N., Hovhannisyan, A., Abrahamyan, H., Gabrielyan, E., and Wikman, G. Comparative study of Rhodiola preparations on behavioral despair of rats. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(1-2):84-91. View abstract.

Thavara, U., Tawatsin, A., Bhakdeenuan, P., Wongsinkongman, P., Boonruad, T., Bansiddhi, J., Chavalittumrong, P., Komalamisra, N., Siriyasatien, P., and Mulla, M. S. Repellent activity of essential oils against cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae, Blattellidae, and Blaberidae) in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med.Public Health 2007;38(4):663-673. View abstract.

Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tiyaboonchai W, Tawatsin A, Rojanawiwat A, Thavara U. Efficacy and safety of topical Trikatu preparation in, relieving mosquito bite reactions: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2014;22(1):34-9. View abstract.

Cordell B, Buckle J. The effects of aromatherapy on nicotine craving on a U.S. campus: a small comparison study. J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Aug;19(8):709-13. doi: 10.1089/acm.2012.0537. Epub 2013 Mar 28. View abstract.

Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Perna S, Faliva M, Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Klersy C, Edda C, Maddalena P, Luciano S, Paola C, Emanuela C, Claudia S, Donini LM. Acute effect on satiety, resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, glucagon-like peptide-1, free fatty acids, and glycerol following consumption of a combination of bioactive food ingredients in overweight subjects. J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(1):41-9. View abstract.

Lindheimer JB, Loy BD, O'Connor PJ. Short-term effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis and Rosmarinnus eriocalyx) on sustained attention and on energy and fatigue mood states in young adults with low energy. J Med Food. 2013;16(8):765-771.

Gimenez L, Zacharisen M. Severe pepper allergy in a young child. WMJ. 2011 Jun;110(3):138-9. View abstract.

Gregersen NT, Belza A, Jensen MG, Ritz C, Bitz C, Hels O, Frandsen E, Mela DJ, Astrup A. Acute effects of mustard, horseradish, black pepper and ginger on energy expenditure, appetite, ad libitum energy intake and energy balance in human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2013 Feb 14;109(3):556-63. View abstract.

Han X, Beaumont C, Rodriguez D, Bahr T. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) essential oil demonstrates tissue remodeling and metabolism modulating potential in human cells. Phytother Res. 2018;32(9):1848-1852. View abstract.

Kristiniak S, Harpel J, Breckenridge DM, Buckle J. Black pepper essential oil to enhance intravenous catheter insertion in patients with poor vein visibility: a controlled study. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(11):1003-7. View abstract.

Ren T, Yang M, Xiao M, Zhu J, Xie W, Zuo Z. Time-dependent inhibition of carbamazepine metabolism by piperine in anti-epileptic treatment. Life Sci. 2019;218:314-323. View abstract.

Shafiee A, Hoormand M, Shahidi-Dadras M, Abadi A. The effect of topical piperine combined with narrowband UVB on vitiligo treatment: A clinical trial study. Phytother Res. 2018;32(9):1812-1817. View abstract.