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Orozco-Gregorio, H., Mota-Rojas, D., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Trujillo-Ortega, M. E., Becerril-Herrera, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, R., and Villanueva-Garcia, D. Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia. Am.J Vet.Res. 2010;71(10):1214-1219. View abstract.

Smits, P., Lenders, J. W., and Thien, T. Caffeine and theophylline attenuate adenosine-induced vasodilation in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1990;48(4):410-418. View abstract.

Birkett, N. J. and Logan, A. G. Caffeine-containing beverages and the prevalence of hypertension. J Hypertens.Suppl 1988;6(4):S620-S622. View abstract.

Jeppesen, U., Loft, S., Poulsen, H. E., and Brsen, K. A fluvoxamine-caffeine interaction study. Pharmacogenetics 1996;6(3):213-222. View abstract.

Quinlan, P., Lane, J., and Aspinall, L. Effects of hot tea, coffee and water ingestion on physiological responses and mood: the role of caffeine, water and beverage type. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997;134(2):164-173. View abstract.

Fotherby, M. D., Ghandi, C., Haigh, R. A., Macdonald, T. A., and Potter, J. F. Sustained caffeine use has no pressor effect in the elderly. Cardiology in the Elderly 1994;2(6):499-503.

Dickel, M. L., Rates, S. M., and Ritter, M. R. Plants popularly used for loosing weight purposes in Porto Alegre, South Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 1-3-2007;109(1):60-71. View abstract.

Pittler, M. H. and Ernst, E. Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 2004;79(4):529-536. View abstract.

Pittler, M. H., Schmidt, K., and Ernst, E. Adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction: systematic review. Obes.Rev. 2005;6(2):93-111. View abstract.

Martinet, A., Hostettmann, K., and Schutz, Y. Thermogenic effects of commercially available plant preparations aimed at treating human obesity. Phytomedicine. 1999;6(4):231-238. View abstract.

Gorzalczany, S., Filip, R., Alonso, M. R., Mino, J., Ferraro, G. E., and Acevedo, C. Choleretic effect and intestinal propulsion of 'mate' (Ilex paraguariensis) and its substitutes or adulterants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;75(2-3):291-294. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A. and Menini, T. The botanical extracts of Achyrocline satureoides and Ilex paraguariensis prevent methylglyoxal-induced inhibition of plasminogen and antithrombin III. Life Sci. 12-6-2002;72(3):279-292. View abstract.

Bates, M. N., Rey, O. A., Biggs, M. L., Hopenhayn, C., Moore, L. E., Kalman, D., Steinmaus, C., and Smith, A. H. Case-control study of bladder cancer and exposure to arsenic in Argentina. Am J Epidemiol. 2-15-2004;159(4):381-389. View abstract.

Lunceford, N. and Gugliucci, A. Ilex paraguariensis extracts inhibit AGE formation more efficiently than green tea. Fitoterapia 2005;76(5):419-427. View abstract.

Paganini Stein, F. L., Schmidt, B., Furlong, E. B., Souza-Soares, L. A., Soares, M. C., Vaz, M. R., and Muccillo Baisch, A. L. Vascular responses to extractable fractions of Ilex paraguariensis in rats fed standard and high-cholesterol diets. Biol.Res Nurs. 2005;7(2):146-156. View abstract.

Mosimann, A. L., Wilhelm-Filho, D., and da Silva, E. L. Aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Biofactors 2006;26(1):59-70. View abstract.

Bates, M. N., Hopenhayn, C., Rey, O. A., and Moore, L. E. Bladder cancer and mate consumption in Argentina: a case-control study. Cancer Lett. 2-8-2007;246(1-2):268-273. View abstract.

Martin, I., Lopez-Vilchez, M. A., Mur, A., Garcia-Algar, O., Rossi, S., Marchei, E., and Pichini, S. Neonatal withdrawal syndrome after chronic maternal drinking of mate. Ther Drug Monit. 2007;29(1):127-129. View abstract.

Milioli, E. M., Cologni, P., Santos, C. C., Marcos, T. D., Yunes, V. M., Fernandes, M. S., Schoenfelder, T., and Costa-Campos, L. Effect of acute administration of hydroalcohol extract of Ilex paraguariensis St Hilaire (Aquifoliaceae) in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Phytother.Res 2007;21(8):771-776. View abstract.

Menini, T., Heck, C., Schulze, J., de, Mejia E., and Gugliucci, A. Protective action of Ilex paraguariensis extract against free radical inactivation of paraoxonase-1 in high-density lipoprotein. Planta Med. 2007;73(11):1141-1147. View abstract.

Pang, J., Choi, Y., and Park, T. Ilex paraguariensis extract ameliorates obesity induced by high-fat diet: potential role of AMPK in the visceral adipose tissue. Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 8-15-2008;476(2):178-185. View abstract.

Oliveira, D. M., Freitas, H. S., Souza, M. F., Arcari, D. P., Ribeiro, M. L., Carvalho, P. O., and Bastos, D. H. Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) aqueous extract decreases intestinal SGLT1 gene expression but does not affect other biochemical parameters in alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats. J Agric.Food Chem. 11-26-2008;56(22):10527-10532. View abstract.

Matsumoto, R. L., Bastos, D. H., Mendonca, S., Nunes, V. S., Bartchewsky, W., Ribeiro, M. L., and de Oliveira, Carvalho P. Effects of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) ingestion on mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant status in healthy young women. J Agric.Food Chem. 3-11-2009;57(5):1775-1780. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A. and Bastos, D. H. Chlorogenic acid protects paraoxonase 1 activity in high density lipoprotein from inactivation caused by physiological concentrations of hypochlorite. Fitoterapia 2009;80(2):138-142. View abstract.

Sugimoto, S., Nakamura, S., Yamamoto, S., Yamashita, C., Oda, Y., Matsuda, H., and Yoshikawa, M. Brazilian natural medicines. III. structures of triterpene oligoglycosides and lipase inhibitors from mate, leaves of ilex paraguariensis. Chem.Pharm.Bull.(Tokyo) 2009;57(3):257-261. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A., Bastos, D. H., Schulze, J., and Souza, M. F. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids in Ilex paraguariensis extracts are the main inhibitors of AGE generation by methylglyoxal in model proteins. Fitoterapia 2009;80(6):339-344. View abstract.

Arcari, D. P., Bartchewsky, W., dos Santos, T. W., Oliveira, K. A., Funck, A., Pedrazzoli, J., de Souza, M. F., Saad, M. J., Bastos, D. H., Gambero, A., Carvalho, Pde O., and Ribeiro, M. L. Antiobesity effects of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 2009;17(12):2127-2133. View abstract.

Martins, F., Noso, T. M., Porto, V. B., Curiel, A., Gambero, A., Bastos, D. H., Ribeiro, M. L., and Carvalho, Pde O. Mate tea inhibits in vitro pancreatic lipase activity and has hypolipidemic effect on high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 2010;18(1):42-47. View abstract.

de Morais, E. C., Stefanuto, A., Klein, G. A., Boaventura, B. C., de, Andrade F., Wazlawik, E., Di Pietro, P. F., Maraschin, M., and da Silva, E. L. Consumption of yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ) improves serum lipid parameters in healthy dyslipidemic subjects and provides an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction in individuals on statin therapy. J Agric.Food Chem. 9-23-2009;57(18):8316-8324. View abstract.

Ranilla, L. G., Kwon, Y. I., Apostolidis, E., and Shetty, K. Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and in vitro inhibitory potential against key enzymes relevant for hyperglycemia and hypertension of commonly used medicinal plants, herbs and spices in Latin America. Bioresour.Technol. 2010;101(12):4676-4689. View abstract.

Hussein, G. M., Matsuda, H., Nakamura, S., Akiyama, T., Tamura, K., and Yoshikawa, M. Protective and ameliorative effects of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on metabolic syndrome in TSOD mice. Phytomedicine. 12-15-2011;19(1):88-97. View abstract.

Klein, G. A., Stefanuto, A., Boaventura, B. C., de Morais, E. C., Cavalcante, Lda S., de, Andrade F., Wazlawik, E., Di Pietro, P. F., Maraschin, M., and da Silva, E. L. Mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) improves glycemic and lipid profiles of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes individuals: a pilot study. J Am Coll.Nutr. 2011;30(5):320-332. View abstract.

Matsumoto, R. L., Mendonca, S., de Oliveira, D. M., Souza, M. F., and Bastos, D. H. Effects of mate tea intake on ex vivo LDL peroxidation induced by three different pathways. Nutrients. 2009;1(1):18-29. View abstract.

De, Stefani E., Correa, P., Oreggia, F., Deneo-Pellegrini, H., Fernandez, G., Zavala, D., Carzoglio, J., Leiva, J., Fontham, E., and Rivero, S. Black tobacco, wine and mate in oropharyngeal cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Rev.Epidemiol.Sante Publique 1988;36(6):389-394. View abstract.

Vassallo, A., Correa, P., De, Stefani E., Cendan, M., Zavala, D., Chen, V., Carzoglio, J., and Deneo-Pellegrini, H. Esophageal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. J Natl.Cancer Inst. 1985;75(6):1005-1009. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A. and Stahl, A. J. Low density lipoprotein oxidation is inhibited by extracts of Ilex paraguariensis. Biochem.Mol.Biol.Int. 1995;35(1):47-56. View abstract.

Gugliucci, A. Antioxidant effects of Ilex paraguariensis: induction of decreased oxidability of human LDL in vivo. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 7-16-1996;224(2):338-344. View abstract.

Muccillo Baisch, A. L., Johnston, K. B., and Paganini Stein, F. L. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing activity of aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis on mesenteric arterial bed of rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;60(2):133-139. View abstract.

Meyer, K. and Ball, P. Psychological and Cardiovascular Effects of Guarana and Yerba Mate: A Comparison with Coffee. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia 2004;38(1):87-94.

Caldeira D, Martins C, Alves LB, Pereira H, Ferreira JJ, Costa J. Caffeine does not increase the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Heart. 2013;99(19):1383-9. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-303950. Review. View abstract.

Cheng M, Hu Z, Lu X, Huang J, Gu D. Caffeine intake and atrial fibrillation incidence: dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Apr;30(4):448-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.026. Epub 2014 2. Review. View abstract.

Jiwani AZ, Rhee DJ, Brauner SC, Gardiner MF, Chen TC, Shen LQ, Chen SH, Grosskreutz CL, Chang KK, Kloek CE, Greenstein SH, Borboli-Gerogiannis S, Pasquale DL, Chaudhry S, Loomis S, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR, Turalba AV. Effects of caffeinated coffee consumption on intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, and ocular pulse amplitude: a randomized controlled trial. Eye (Lond). 2012;26(8):1122-30. doi: 10.1038/eye.2012.113. Epub 2012 Jun 8. View abstract.

Tejani FH, Thompson RC, Kristy R, Bukofzer S. Effect of caffeine on SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging during regadenoson pharmacologic stress: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014 Jun;30(5):979-89. doi: 10.1007/s10554-014-0419-7. Epub 2014 17. View abstract.

van der Hoeven N, Visser I, Schene A, van den Born BJ. Severe hypertension related to caffeinated coffee and tranylcypromine: a case report. Ann Intern Med. 2014 May 6;160(9):657-8. doi: 10.7326/L14-5009-8. No abstract available. View abstract.

Dixit S, Stein PK, Dewland TA, Dukes JW, Vittinghoff E, Heckbert SR, Marcus GM. Consumption of Caffeinated Products and Cardiac Ectopy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 26;5(1). pii: e002503. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002503. View abstract.

Gambero A and Ribeiro ML. The positive effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in obesity. Nutrients. 2015;7(2):730-50. View abstract.

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Yu S, Yue SW, Liu Z, Zhang T, Xiang N, Fu H. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) improves microcirculation of volunteers with high blood viscosity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Gerontol. 2015;62:14-22. View abstract.

Kim SY, Oh MR, Kim MG, Chae HJ, Chae SW. Anti-obesity effects of yerba mate (Ilex Paraguariensis): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:338. View abstract.

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC monographs evaluate drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages. https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr244_E.pdf. Accessed November 1, 2017.

Zuchinali P, Riberio PA, Pimentel M, da Rosa PR, Zimerman LI, Rohde LE. Effect of caffeine on ventricular arrhythmia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental and clinical studies. Europace 2016 Feb;18(2):257-66. View abstract.

da veiga DTA, Bringhenti R, Bolignon AA, et al. The yerba mate intake has a neutral effect on bone: a case-control study in postmenopausal women. Phytother Res. 2018 Jan;32(1):58-64. View abstract.

Alkhatib A, Atcheson R. Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) metabolic, satiety, and mood state effects at rest and during prolonged exercise. Nutrients. 2017 Aug 15;9(8). Pii:E882. View abstract.

Jung J-H, Hur Y-I. The effect of mate extract on body weight and fat reduction in obese women: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Korean J OBes. 2016;25:197-206.

Areta JL, Austarheim I, Wangensteen H, Capelli C. Metabolic and performance effects of yerba mate on well-trained cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Nov 7. View abstract.

Souza SJ, Petrilli AA, Teixeira AM, et al. Effect of chocolate and mate tea on the lipid profile of individuals with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy: a clinical trial. Nutrition. 2017 Nov-Dec;43-44:61-68. View abstract.

Lagier D, Nee L, Guieu R, et al. Peri-operative oral caffeine does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 Apr 26. [Epub ahead of print] View abstract.

Voskoboinik A, Kalman JM, Kistler PM. Caffeine and arrhythmias: time to grind the data. JACC: Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4(4):425-32.

Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;109:585-648. View abstract.

Chaves G, Britez N, Oviedo G, et al. Heavy drinkers of Ilex paraguariensis beverages show lower lipid profiles but higher body weight. Phytother Res. 2018;32(6):1030-1038. View abstract.

Gómez-Juaristi M, Martínez-López S, Sarria B, Bravo L, Mateos R. Absorption and metabolism of yerba mate phenolic compounds in humans. Food Chem. 2018;240:1028-1038. View abstract.

Rao SS. Current and emerging treatment options for fecal incontinence. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(9):752-64. View abstract.

Cozma-Petrut A, Loghin F, Miere D, Dumitrascu DL.Diet in irritable bowel syndrome: What to recommend, not what to forbid to patients! World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(21):3771-3783. View abstract.

Gebara KS, Gasparotto Junior A, Palozi RAC, et al. A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study on the Effect a Standardized Maté Extract (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) in Men Predisposed to Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2020;13(1):14. View abstract.

Feltrin C, Farias IV, Sandjo LP, Reginatto FH, Simões CMO. Effects of Standardized Medicinal Plant Extracts on Drug Metabolism Mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2020;33(9):2408-2419. View abstract.

Medeiros MS, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Altmann V, Rieder CRM. A Case-Control Study of the Effects of Chimarrão (Ilex paraguariensis) and Coffee on Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021;12:619535. View abstract.

Pagliosa CM, Vieira FGK, Dias BV, Brognoli Franco VK, Ramos HP, da Silva EL. Ilex paraguariensis (A. St.-Hil.) leaf infusion decreases iron absorption in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis: a randomized controlled crossover study. Food Funct 2021;12(16):7321-7328. View abstract.

Zheng KH, Zhu K, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Caffeine intake from coffee and tea and invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative. Int J Cancer 2021;149(12):2032-2044. View abstract.

Wang S, Li X, Yang Y, et al. Does coffee, tea and caffeine consumption reduce the risk of incident breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2021;24(18):6377-6389. View abstract.

Alshabi AM, Alkahtani SA, Shaikh IA, Habeeb MS. Caffeine modulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pioglitazone in diabetic rats: Impact on therapeutics. Saudi Med J 2021;42(2):151-160. View abstract.

Gleason JL, Sundaram R, Mitro SD, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy with child growth. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2239609. View abstract.

Masson W, Barbagelata L, Lobo M, Nogueira JP, Corral P, Lavalle-Cobo A. Effect of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2022;77(3):353-366. View abstract.

Lobo PCB, da Silva DD, Pimentel GD. Acute Supplementation of Yerba Mate Extract Did Not Change Muscle Strength in Physically Active Men Following the Strength Muscle Test: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022;14(13):2619. View abstract.