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Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Michaud DS, et al. Dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:204-16. View abstract.

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Kaul N, Kreml R, Austria JA, et al. A comparison of fish oil, flaxseed oil and hempseed oil supplementation on selected parameters of cardiovascular health in healthy volunteers. J Am Coll Nutr 2008;27:51-8. View abstract.

Barre DE, Mizier-Barre KA, Griscti O, Hafez K. High dose flaxseed oil supplementation may affect fasting blood serum glucose management in human type 2 diabetics. J Oleo Sci 2008;57:269-73. View abstract.

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Bougnoux, P., Koscielny, S., Chajes, V., Descamps, P., Couet, C., and Calais, G. alpha-Linolenic acid content of adipose breast tissue: a host determinant of the risk of early metastasis in breast cancer. Br.J Cancer 1994;70(2):330-334. View abstract.

Clandinin, M. T., Foxwell, A., Goh, Y. K., Layne, K., and Jumpsen, J. A. Omega-3 fatty acid intake results in a relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL cholesterol ester and LDL cholesterol content in humans. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 6-23-1997;1346(3):247-252. View abstract.

Nelson, T. L., Hokanson, J. E., and Hickey, M. S. Omega-3 fatty acids and lipoprotein associated phospholipase A(2) in healthy older adult males and females. View abstract.

Kelley, D. S., Nelson, G. J., Love, J. E., Branch, L. B., Taylor, P. C., Schmidt, P. C., Mackey, B. E., and Iacono, J. M. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid alters tissue fatty acid composition, but not blood lipids, lipoproteins or coagulation status in humans. Lipids 1993;28(6):533-537. View abstract.

Barden, A. E., Croft, K. D., Durand, T., Guy, A., Mueller, M. J., and Mori, T. A. Flaxseed oil supplementation increases plasma F1-phytoprostanes in healthy men. J Nutr 2009;139(10):1890-1895. View abstract.

Gillingham, L. G., Gustafson, J. A., Han, S. Y., Jassal, D. S., and Jones, P. J. High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Br J Nutr 2011;105(3):417-427. View abstract.

West, S. G., Krick, A. L., Klein, L. C., Zhao, G., Wojtowicz, T. F., McGuiness, M., Bagshaw, D. M., Wagner, P., Ceballos, R. M., Holub, B. J., and Kris-Etherton, P. M. Effects of diets high in walnuts and flax oil on hemodynamic responses to stress and vascular endothelial function. J Am Coll.Nutr 2010;29(6):595-603. View abstract.

Vargas, M. L., Almario, R. U., Buchan, W., Kim, K., and Karakas, S. E. Metabolic and endocrine effects of long-chain versus essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism 2011;60(12):1711-1718. View abstract.

De, Spirt S., Stahl, W., Tronnier, H., Sies, H., Bejot, M., Maurette, J. M., and Heinrich, U. Intervention with flaxseed and borage oil supplements modulates skin condition in women. Br J Nutr 2009;101(3):440-445. View abstract.

Neukam, K., De, Spirt S., Stahl, W., Bejot, M., Maurette, J. M., Tronnier, H., and Heinrich, U. Supplementation of flaxseed oil diminishes skin sensitivity and improves skin barrier function and condition. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011;24(2):67-74. View abstract.

Allman, M. A., Pena, M. M., and Pang, D. Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflowerseed oil in healthy young men consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 1995;49(3):169-178. View abstract.

Pan A, Yu D, Demark-Wahnefried W, et al. Meta-analysis of the effects of flaxseed interventions on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:288-97. View abstract.

Hashempur MH, Homayouni K, Ashraf A, Salehi A, Taghizadeh M, Heydari M. Effect of Linum usitatissimum L. (linseed) oil on mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Daru. 2014;22:43. View abstract.

Jones PJ, Senanayake VK, Pu S, Jenkins DJ, Connelly PW, Lamarche B, Couture P, Charest A, Baril-Gravel L, West SG, Liu X, Fleming JA, McCrea CE, Kris-Etherton PM. DHA-enriched high-oleic acid canola oil improves lipid profile and lowers predicted cardiovascular disease risk in the canola oil multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):88-97. View abstract.

Lemos JR, Alencastro MG, Konrath AV, Cargnin M, Manfro RC. Flaxseed oil supplementation decreases C-reactive protein levels in chronic hemodialysis patients. Nutr Res. 2012 Dec;32(12):921-7. View abstract.

Cornish, S. M. and Chilibeck, P. D. Alpha-linolenic acid supplementation and resistance training in older adults. Appl.Physiol Nutr.Metab 2009;34(1):49-59. View abstract.

Gracious, B. L., Chirieac, M. C., Costescu, S., Finucane, T. L., Youngstrom, E. A., and Hibbeln, J. R. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of flax oil in pediatric bipolar disorder. Bipolar.Disord. 2010;12(2):142-154. View abstract.

Taylor, C. G., Noto, A. D., Stringer, D. M., Froese, S., and Malcolmson, L. Dietary milled flaxseed and flaxseed oil improve N-3 fatty acid status and do not affect glycemic control in individuals with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2010;29(1):72-80. View abstract.

Rallidis, L. S., Paschos, G., Liakos, G. K., Velissaridou, A. H., Anastasiadis, G., and Zampelas, A. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid decreases C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in dyslipidaemic patients. Atherosclerosis 2003;167(2):237-242. View abstract.

Wilkinson, P., Leach, C., Ah-Sing, E. E., Hussain, N., Miller, G. J., Millward, D. J., and Griffin, B. A. Influence of alpha-linolenic acid and fish-oil on markers of cardiovascular risk in subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. Atherosclerosis 2005;181(1):115-124. View abstract.

Shulman LM1, Gruber-Baldini AL, Anderson KE, Fishman PS, Reich SG, Weiner WJ. The clinically important difference on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Arch Neurol 2010;67(1):64-70. View abstract.

Yari Z, Rahimlou M, Eslamparast T, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Poustchi H, Hekmatdoost A. Flaxseed supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot randomized, open labeled, controlled study. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Jun;67(4):461-9. View abstract.

Ursoniu S, Sahebkar A, Andrica F, Serban C, Banach M; Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. Effects of flaxseed supplements on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2016 Jun;35(3):615-25. View abstract.

Mohammadi-Sartang M, Mazloom Z, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Barati-Bodaji R, Bellisimo N, Totosy de Zepetnek JO. The effect of flaxseed supplementation on body weight and ody composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 randomized placebo-controlled trials. Obes Rve. 2017 Sepl18(9):1096-1107. View abstract.

Taghizadeh M, Tamtaji OR, Dadgostar E, et al. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ral. Neurochem Int. 2017 Sep;108:183-9. View abstract.

Soleimani Z, Hashemdokht F, Bahmani F, Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Asemi Z. Clinical and metabolic response to flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Diabetes Complications. 2017 Sep;31(9):1394-1400. View abstract.

Taghizadeh M, Jamilian M, Mazloomi M, Sanami M, Asemi Z. A randomized-controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on vitamin E co-supplementation on markers of insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes. J Clin Lipidol. 2016 Mar-Apr;10(2):389-93. View abstract.

Blackwood DP, LaVallee RK, Al Busaidi A, Jassal DS, Pierce GN. A randomized trial of the effects of ezetimibe on the absorption of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac disease patients: a pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2015 Oct;10(5):e155-e159. View abstract.

Mirfatahi M, Imani H, Tabibi H, Nasrollahi A, Hedayati M. Effects of flaxseed oil on serum bone turnover markers in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Iran J Kidney Dis 2018;12(4):215-22. View abstract.

Babajafari S, Akhlaghi M, Mazloomi SM, et al. The effect of isolated soy protein adjunctive with flaxseed oil on markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, acute phase proteins, and wound healing of burn patients; a randomized clinical trial. Burns 2018;44(1):140-9. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.05.014. View abstract.

Mirmasoumi G, Fazilati M, Foroozanfard F, et al. The effects of flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on metabolic status of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2018;126(4):222-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-119751. View abstract.

Morshedzadeh N, Shahrokh S, Aghdaei HA, et al. Effects of flaxseed and flaxseed oil supplement on serum levels of inflammatory markers, metabolic parameters and severity of disease in patients with ulcerative colitis. Complement Ther Med. 2019;46:36-43. View abstract.

Hadi A, Askarpour M, Salamat S, Ghaedi E, Symonds ME, Miraghajani M. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on lipid profile: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of sixty-two randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res. 2020;152:104622. View abstract.

Akrami A, Makiabadi E, Askarpour M, et al.. A comparative study of the effect of flaxseed oil and sunflower oil on the coagulation score, selected oxidative and inflammatory parameters in metabolic syndrome patients. Clin Nutr Res. 2020;9(1):63-72. View abstract.

Rezaei S, Sasani MR, Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. Flaxseed oil in the context of a weight loss program ameliorates fatty liver grade in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2020:1-24. View abstract.

Downie LE, Hom MM, Berdy GJ, et al. An artificial tear containing flaxseed oil for treating dry eye disease: A randomized controlled trial. Ocul Surf. 2020;18(1):148-157. View abstract.

Saleh-Ghadimi S, Kheirouri S, Golmohammadi A, Moludi J, Jafari-Vayghan H, Alizadeh M. Effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on anthropometric and metabolic indices in patients with coronary artery disease: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2019;11(2):152-160. View abstract.

Jamilian M, Khademi L, Vahedpoor Z, et al. Effects of flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on regression and metabolic status in endometrial hyperplasia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Prev Med. 2019;10:61. View abstract.

Raygan F, Taghizadeh M, Mirhosseini N, et al. A comparison between the effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2019;33(7):1943-1951. View abstract.

Jamilian M, Tabassi Z, Reiner Z, et al. The effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2020;123(7):792-799. View abstract.

Godazandeh G, Ala S, Motlaq TM, Sahebnasagh A, Bazi A. The comparison of the effect of flaxseed oil and vitamin E on mastalgia and nodularity of breast fibrocystic: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2021;7(1):4. View abstract.

Takenaka T, Nagano M, Yamashita K, Kikuchi K. Flaxseed oil stimulates gynecomastia. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(12):e237948. View abstract.

Tamtaji OR, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, et al. Effects of flaxseed oil supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;40:27-33. View abstract.

Sadat Masjedi M, Mohammadi Pour P, Shokoohinia Y, Asgary S. Effects of Flaxseed on Blood Lipids in Healthy and Dyslipidemic Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022;47(7):100931. View abstract.

Yang C, Xia H, Wan M, et al. Comparisons of the effects of different flaxseed products consumption on lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and anthropometric indices in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases: systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021;18(1):91. View abstract.

Ogawa T, Sawane K, Ookoshi K, Kawashima R. Supplementation with flaxseed oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid improves verbal fluency in healthy older adults. Nutrients 2023;15(6):1499. View abstract.

Xi H, Zhou W, Sohaib M, et al. Flaxseed supplementation significantly reduces hemoglobin A1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res 2023;110:23-32. View abstract.

Li L, Li H, Gao Y, Vafaei S, Zhang X, Yang M. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review, and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Food Funct 2023;14(2):675-690. View abstract.

Mahmudiono T, Jasim SA, Karim YS, et al. The effect of flaxseed oil consumption on blood pressure among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2022;36(10):3766-3773. View abstract.

Barre DE, Mizier-Barre KA, Griscti O, Hafez K. Fatty acid correlations with HOMA-IR and HOMA-% ß are differentially dictated by their serum free and total pools and flaxseed oil supplementation. Endocr Regul 2023;57(1):18-24. View abstract.