| Ingredients | Supplement Facts |
|---|---|
| 200 mcg | |
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Proprietary Blend
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340 mg |
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(aerial parts)
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Organic Honey, organic Rice extract, organic Rice PlantPart: hulls, organic Arabic Gum, organic Sunflower Oil
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Organically Bound Minerals. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Organically Bound Minerals. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the leaves are used orally and appropriately, short-term (4,6,12).
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when large amounts are used long-term. Chronic ingestion of alfalfa has been associated with drug-induced lupus effects (381,14828,30602).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in medicinal amounts.
Alfalfa contains constituents with possible estrogenic activity (4,11,30592).
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Iodine is safe in amounts that do not exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 1100 mcg daily (7135,103070). Higher doses can be safely used with appropriate medical monitoring (2197,7080). In some regions of the world, such as Japan, daily dietary intake is estimated to be as high as 5,280-13,800 mcg without adverse outcomes (16747). ...when used topically and appropriately, as a 2% solution. A 2% iodine solution is an FDA-approved prescription product (15).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in high doses. Tell patients to avoid prolonged use of doses exceeding the UL of 1100 mcg daily without proper medical supervision. There is concern that higher intake can increase the risk of side effects such as thyroid dysfunction, as well as thyroiditis, thyroid papillary cancer, thyrotoxicosis, and atrial fibrillation (7135,55962,56013). However, in some regions of the world such as Japan, daily dietary intake is estimated to be as high as 5,280-13,800 mcg without adverse outcomes (16747).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately (7135).
Iodine is safe in amounts that do not exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 200 mcg daily for children 1-3 years, 300 mcg daily for children 4-8 years, 600 mcg daily for children 9-13 years, and 900 mcg daily for adolescents (7135). ...when used topically as a 2% solution (15). Iodine is an FDA-approved prescription product.
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in doses exceeding the UL (7135,108709).
Higher intake can cause thyroid dysfunction (7135) and may be associated with a modest reduction in intelligence (108709).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
Iodine is safe in amounts that do not exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 1100 mcg daily in those 18 years and older or 900 mcg daily in those 14-18 years of age (7135,103070). Iodine needs increase during pregnancy and lactation and adequate intakes should begin as soon as a patient is aware of the pregnancy, or earlier in areas of potential deficiency (17920). ...when used topically as a 2% solution (15). Iodine is an FDA-approved prescription product.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in doses exceeding the UL.
Higher intake can cause thyroid dysfunction (7135). Also, higher intakes during pregnancy cause increased iodine levels in breast milk and infant blood samples. Higher iodine intake during pregnancy has also been associated with an increased risk of congenital hypothyroidism and reduced mental and physical development in the offspring (56089,91390,91394,91395).
LIKELY SAFE ...when used in amounts found in foods. Laminaria has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (94048).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when iodine-reduced laminaria supplements are used, short-term. Iodine-reduced laminaria powder has been safely used at doses up to 6 grams daily for up to 8 weeks (109572).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in medicinal amounts. The average laminaria-based supplement might contain as much as 1000 mcg of iodine. Ingesting more than 1100 mcg iodine daily (the tolerable upper intake level) can cause hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or exacerbate existing hyperthyroidism (9556,94046). In addition, some laminaria supplements may contain arsenic (645,10275,15588). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of laminaria for its other uses.
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used intravaginally for cervical ripening; there is an increased risk of parental and neonatal infection (8945).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used intravaginally to induce labor; use has been associated with endometriosis, neonatal sepsis, fetal hypoxia, and intrauterine death (6).
PREGNANCY: UNSAFE
when used orally due to potential hormonal effects (19); avoid using.
LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally because of potential toxicity (19).
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Organically Bound Minerals. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, alfalfa might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
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Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with the activity of contraceptive drugs.
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Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with hormone therapy.
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Theoretically, alfalfa might decrease the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
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Animal research suggests that excessive doses of alfalfa may increase photosensitivity, possibly due to its chlorophyll content (106043). It is unclear if this effect would be clinically relevant in humans.
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Theoretically, alfalfa might reduce the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.
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Combining iodine with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
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Iodine might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
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Combining iodine with lithium might have additive hypothyroid effects.
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Lithium can inhibit thyroid function. Several case reports suggest that concomitant use of lithium and potassium iodide can reduce thyroid function in otherwise healthy adults (17574). Monitor thyroid function.
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Theoretically, laminaria might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with ACEIs.
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Laminaria contains potassium (19).
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Theoretically, combining laminaria with amiodarone might cause excessively high iodine levels.
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Due to its iodine content, laminaria might alter the effects of antithyroid drugs.
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Theoretically, laminaria might increase the risk of hyperkalemia, which could increase the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
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Laminaria contains potassium (19).
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Theoretically, laminaria might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
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Laminaria contains potassium (19).
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Due to its iodine content, laminaria might alter the effects of thyroid hormone.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Organically Bound Minerals. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, alfalfa leaf seems to be well tolerated.
However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and flatulence.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Lupus-like syndrome after chronic ingestion of alfalfa.
Dermatologic ...Dermatitis associated with alfalfa use has been reported. In a 1954 publication, dermatitis was noted in a 61-year-old female consuming 4-6 cups of tea made with two tablespoonfuls of alfalfa seeds for approximately two months prior to onset. Examination revealed diffuse, confluent edema and erythema on the face, eyelids, ears, hands, forearms, and distal humeral regions. The dermatitis improved with treatment; re-exposure to alfalfa resulted in a similar reaction (30609).
Endocrine
...Alfalfa contains constituents, including coumestrol, with reported estrogenic activity (30586,30592,4753).
Effects in humans are not known.
One case report documents hypokalemia in a female who had been drinking a "cleansing tea" containing alfalfa, licorice, and stinging nettle. The potassium level returned to normal after discontinuing the tea and initiating potassium supplementation. The specific cause of the hypokalemia is not clear. Notably, both stinging nettle and licorice have been associated with hypokalemia and may have been responsible for this effect (30562).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, flatulence and bulkier feces were reported during the first week of a case series of three subjects ingesting alfalfa (30598). In a case series of 15 patients ingesting alfalfa, increased fecal volume and increased stool frequency was reported. Additional adverse effects included abdominal discomfort in two patients, diarrhea in two patients, loose stools in six patients, and intestinal gas in 13 patients (5816).
Hematologic ...Pancytopenia and splenomegaly were reported in a 59-year-old male who had been taking 80-160 grams of ground alfalfa seeds for up to six weeks at a time, for a five month period. Hematologic values and spleen size returned to normal when alfalfa was discontinued (381).
Other
...Alfalfa products, including sprouts, seeds, and tablets, have been found to be contaminated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes, which have caused documented infections (5600,30566,30568,30572,30569,30564,30604,30610,30563,30607) (30566,30564,30604,30610,30563,30607,30576).
Orally, alfalfa has been associated with the development of a lupus-like syndrome in animals and humans (30594,14828,14830,30602), as well as with possible exacerbations of lupus in patients with known systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These reactions may be associated with the amino acid L-canavanine (30594), which appears to be present in alfalfa seeds and sprouts, but not leaves, and therefore should not be present in alfalfa tablets manufactured from the leaves (30601). However, case reports have included individuals ingesting tablets. A lupus-like syndrome was described in four patients taking 12-24 alfalfa tablets per day. Symptoms included arthralgias, myalgias, and rash; positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) arose anywhere from three weeks to seven months after initiating alfalfa therapy. Upon discontinuation of alfalfa tablets, all four patients became asymptomatic. In two patients, ANA levels normalized (14828). Two additional reports have documented possible exacerbation or induction of SLE associated with alfalfa use. One case involved a female with a 26-year history of SLE, who had been taking 15 tablets of alfalfa daily for nine months prior to an exacerbation. Because of the delay in onset of the exacerbation from the initiation of alfalfa therapy, causation cannot be clearly established (30575). In a different report, SLE and arthritis were found in multiple family members who had been taking a combination of vitamin E and alfalfa tablets for seven years (30602). It is not known what other environmental or genetic factors may have affected these individuals, and the association with alfalfa is unclear.
General
...Orally, iodine is well tolerated when taken in amounts that do not exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) or when used therapeutically with appropriate medical monitoring (2197,7080,7135).
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal upset, diarrhea, goiter, headache, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, metallic taste, nausea, rhinorrhea, thyroid adenoma.
Topically: Burns, dermatitis, irritation.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All ROAs: Hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema.
Dermatologic
...Orally, taking iodine chronically or in large amounts has been reported to cause acneform skin lesions called iododerma (2138).
In one case, a patient developed iododerma after consuming a specific product (Hoxsey's Brown Tonic) containing an unspecified quantity of potassium iodide. After several months of consumption, the patient developed acneform skin lesions on the nose, cheeks, and upper back and presented with a urine iodine level of 7,455,647 ug/L (reference range: 34-523 ug/L). After discontinuation of potassium iodide, the lesions resolved gradually over the course of several weeks (95431).
Topically, iodine may stain skin, irritate tissues, and cause sensitization in some individuals (15,56106). Iodine burns are associated with application of 7% hydroalcoholic solution (15). Povidone-iodine may cause contact dermatitis or irritant reactions in some people. However, patch testing with potassium iodide is usually negative in these patients, indicating that contact dermatitis caused by topical iodine does not indicate a propensity for reaction to oral potassium iodide (93001).
Endocrine
...Prolonged use and/or large oral doses of iodine intake can cause thyroid gland hyperplasia, thyroid adenoma, goiter, and hypothyroidism (15,56013,56089,91397,91398,99793,99795).
In another case report, an infant presented with reversible hypothyroidism at birth because the mother had consumed excessive seaweed soup during and after pregnancy, which resulted in excessive iodine consumption (99795). Iodine has also been linked to rare cases of adverse events. In one case report, a 56-year-old male developed thyrotoxic hypokalemic paralysis thought to be related to excessive intake of iodine (91401).
Topically, using povidone-iodine (PI) 1% solution as a gargle and nasal spray, in addition to intranasal application of PI 10% ointment over 5 days, can precipitate subclinical hypothyroidism, with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal thyroid hormone levels. TSH levels seem to normalize about 7-12 days after stopping topical PI application (105877).
Gastrointestinal
...Orally, the commonly reported adverse effects of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) are nausea (14%), abdominal pain (14%), metallic taste (4%), and diarrhea (4%) (17561).
These side effects can be minimized by avoiding quick dosage increases (17574). Taking iodine chronically or in large amounts has also been reported to cause soreness in teeth and gums, burning in mouth and throat, increased salivation, swelling of parotid and submaxillary glands, inflammation of the respiratory tract, gastric upset, and diarrhea (15,2138).
Intranasally, applying povidone-iodine 1% solution along with a 10% ointment can cause unpleasant nasal tingling (105877).
Immunologic ...People who are allergic to iodine-containing foods or drugs are sometimes stated to have "iodine allergy", but the actual allergen is another agent such as seafood proteins or radiocontrast media (93001). However, some people can be hypersensitive to iodine when used orally. Symptoms of hypersensitivity can include angioedema, cutaneous and mucosal hemorrhage, fever, arthralgia, lymph node enlargement, eosinophilia, urticaria, erythema, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (15,17561). Other reported side effects include potassium toxicity, metabolic acidosis, pustular psoriasis, and vasculitis (17574). However, such sensitivity is very rare (93001). Orally, iodine hypersensitivity can cause fatal periarteritis (15).
Neurologic/CNS
...Orally, common side effects of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) have included headache (7%) (17561).
Side effects can be minimized by avoiding quick dosage increases (17574).
High intake of iodine may be associated with adverse cognitive outcomes in children. Observational research in children aged 7-14 years has found that those consuming drinking water with iodine concentrations above 900 mcg/L daily, which exceeds the tolerable upper intake level, is associated with a 1.6-point reduction in intelligence level when compared with those consuming water with iodine concentrations below 300 mcg/L (108709).
Ocular/Otic ...Orally, taking iodine chronically or in large amounts has been reported to cause eye irritation and eyelid swelling (15,2138).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, common side effects of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) included rhinorrhea (11%) (17561). Side effects can be minimized by avoiding quick dosage increases (17574). Taking iodine chronically or in large amounts has also been reported to cause coryza, sneezing, cough, and pulmonary edema (15,2138). Ophthalmically, povidone-iodine 5% solution 3 drops administered in each eye has been reported to slow respiration by about 18 seconds (range 4 to 96 seconds) when compared with saline control in children ages 2-17 years undergoing strabismus surgery (103077).
Renal ...When povidone-iodine was used in renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy, one patient (2%) had significant flank pain during treatment (55970).
General
...Orally, iodine-reduced laminaria seems to be well tolerated, while other laminaria formulations may contain excess amounts of iodine, as well as arsenic.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Intravaginally: Cervical bleeding and pelvic cramps.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Arsenic poisoning.
Intravaginally: Rupture of cervical wall, fetal hypoxia, and fetal death. Anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals.
Dermatologic ...Orally, laminaria has been linked to a report of induced or exacerbated acne (9555).
Endocrine ...Orally, laminaria can affect levels of certain thyroid hormones, and might cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, or exacerbate existing hyperthyroidism (9556,94046).
Genitourinary ...Intravaginally, laminaria used for cervical ripening can cause pelvic cramps and cervical bleeding (8945). Uterine contractions associated with laminaria use have been implicated in fetal hypoxia and subsequent intrauterine death (6). Use of endocervical laminaria tents has been associated with possible rupture of the cervical wall and subsequent neonatal and parental infection (6,8945).
Immunologic ...There are case reports of anaphylactic reactions to laminaria when used intravaginally as a cervical dilator. In at least one case, ventilation was required (102766).
Other ...Laminaria concentrates arsenic from the ocean. In one case, use of an oral laminaria supplement for several months resulted in symptoms of arsenic poisoning including headache, weakness, fatigue, worsening memory loss, rash, nail damage, diarrhea, and vomiting. Urinary arsenic levels were elevated (15588). The concentration of arsenic in laminaria may vary between different batches, and also depends upon the part of the world where it was harvested (645,10275,15588). The concentration of arsenic has been reported to be higher in preparations from Australia than from Great Britain (645,10275).
