| Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
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Mood Probiotic Blend
((Total Lacto Cultures (45 Billion CFU)) (Total Bifido Cultures (5 Billion CFU)) (Total Probiotic Cultures (50 Billion CFU)))
(Mood Probiotic Blend Note: (Total Lacto Cultures (45 Billion CFU)) (Total Bifido Cultures (5 Billion CFU)) (Total Probiotic Cultures (50 Billion CFU)) )
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203 mg |
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(Lactobacillus acidophilus )
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(Lactobacillus plantarum )
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(Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 )
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(Lactobacillus paracasei )
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(Lactobacillus casei )
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(Lactobacillus brevis )
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(Lactobacillus rhamnosus )
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(Lactobacillus bulgaricus )
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(Lactobacillus gasseri )
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(Lactobacillus salivarius )
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(Bifidobacterium animalis lactis )
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(Bifidobacterium longum R0175 )
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(Bifidobacterium bifidum )
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(Bifidobacterium breve )
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(Bifidobacterium infantis )
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(Bifidobacterium longum )
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Stress Support Blend
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350 mg |
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(root)
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AuroraBlue organic Blueberry Complex
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(fruit)
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(fruit)
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(fruit)
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(fruit)
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Organic Prebiotic Fiber Blend
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675 mg |
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(tuber)
(resistant starch)
(organic Potato PlantPart: tuber Note: resistant starch )
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Acacia Fiber
(A. senegal )
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non-GMO Vegetable Cellulose
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Mood+ 50 Billion Guaranteed. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Mood+ 50 Billion Guaranteed. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short-term. Ashwagandha has been used with apparent safety in doses of up to 1250 mg daily for up to 6 months (3710,11301,19271,90649,90652,90653,97292,101816,102682,102683) (102684,102685,102687,103476,105824,109586,109588,109589,109590). ...when used topically. Ashwagandha lotion has been used with apparent safety in concentrations up to 8% for up to 2 months (111538).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Ashwagandha has abortifacient effects (12).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Bifidobacterium lactis has been safely used alone or in combination with other probiotics in clinical trials lasting up to 12 weeks (92255,98502,105158,107572,107581,107586,110979,110985,110986,110992)(110993,110998,110999).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in children of most ages.
Bifidobacterium lactis has been safely used alone or in combination with other probiotics in infants and children for up to 15 months (3169,3458,92265,95381,95382,98736,105149,107582,107583,107585)(107587,107590,110984,110987,110988,110991,110994,110995). A combination probiotic containing B. lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus (HOWARU Protect, Danisco) has been used safely for up to 6 months in children aged 3-5 years (16847). A specific combination of B. lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and L. acidophilus (Complete Probiotic Platinum) has also been used safely for up to 18 months in children aged 4 months to 5 years (103436). In addition, in children ages 4-17 years, 1 billion CFUs of a 1:1:1 combination of B. lactis CECT 8145, Lacticasebacillus casei CECT 9104, and Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 has been used safely for 12 weeks (107531). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of B. lactis in preterm infants with a birth weight under 1000 grams. Cases of bacteremia have occurred rarely in preterm infants given other probiotics (102416,111610,111612,111613,111850,111852,111853). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about cases of serious infections caused by probiotics reported in very preterm or very low birth weight infants under 1000 grams (111610). Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not support the routine administration of probiotics to these infants due to conflicting data on safety and efficacy (111608).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available.
A meta-analysis of four clinical trials shows that taking probiotics during pregnancy increases the relative risk of pre-eclampsia by 85% when compared with placebo. Although the specific effects of Bifidobacterium lactis are unclear from this analysis, three of the included studies used B. lactis in combination with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (105185). More information is needed to determine if certain patients are at increased risk.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Bifidobacterium bifidum has been safely used alone or in combination with other probiotics in clinical trials lasting up to one year (1731,12775,14338,92255,107580,110972,110974,110978). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of non-viable, heat-killed B. bifidum formulations when used orally.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in children of most ages.
Bifidobacterium bifidum has been safely used alone or in combination with other probiotics in clinical trials in infants and children for up to 18 months (161,90286,90602,98736,103436,110971,110976,110924). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of B. bifidum in preterm infants with a birth weight under 1000 grams. Cases of bacteremia have occurred rarely in preterm infants given other probiotics (102416,111610,111612,111613,111850,111852,111853). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about cases of serious infections caused by probiotics reported in very preterm or very low birth weight infants under 1000 grams (111610). Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not support the routine administration of probiotics to these infants due to conflicting data on safety and efficacy (111608).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY SAFE
when Bifidobacterium bifidum is used orally and appropriately, short-term.
A combination of B. bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lacticaseibacillus casei has been used with apparent safety for 6 weeks starting at 24-28 weeks' gestation (95416,98430).
LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of Bifidobacterium bifidum during lactation.
However, there are currently no reasons to expect safety concerns when used appropriately.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Bifidobacterium breve has been safely used alone or in combination with other probiotics in clinical trials lasting up to one year (3261,6087,11379,12769,12775,14338,14370,14371,103447,111002)(111003,111005).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in children of most ages.
Bifidobacterium breve has been safely used alone or in combination with other probiotics in infants and children for up to 12 months (17726,35377,92256,103449,105150,105151,107497,107598,111001)(111004,111008,111015). Cases of bacteremia have occurred rarely in children (107597). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of B. breve in preterm infants with a birth weight under 1000 grams. Cases of bacteremia have occurred rarely in preterm infants given B. breve or other probiotics (102416,111610,111612,111613,111850,111852,111853). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about cases of serious infections caused by probiotics reported in very preterm or very low birth weight infants under 1000 grams (111610). Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not support the routine administration of probiotics to these infants due to conflicting data on safety and efficacy (111608).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of Bifidobacterium breve during pregnancy or lactation.
However, there are currently no reasons to expect safety concerns when used appropriately.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Bifidobacterium longum has been safely used alone or in combination with other probiotics in clinical trials lasting up to one year (1233,12108,13054,14334,35382,35403,35424,103440,103446,105129)(107593,110968,110972,111773,111776,111847,111851,111854,111857,111858).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in children of most ages.
Bifidobacterium longum has been safely used alone or in combination with other probiotics in infants and children for up to 4 months (3162,35377,35383,35393,35406,35407,92266,98736,107531,110924)(110976,111001,111015,111825,111833,111848). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of B. longum in preterm infants with a birth weight under 1000 grams. Cases of bacteremia have occurred rarely in preterm infants given these and other probiotics (102416,111610,111612,111613,111850,111852,111853). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about cases of serious infections caused by probiotics reported in very preterm or very low birth weight infants under 1000 grams (111610). Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not support the routine administration of probiotics to these infants due to conflicting data on safety and efficacy (111608).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately, short-term.
A combination of Bifidobacterium longum and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus has been used with apparent safety throughout pregnancy (105128,105144). A combination of B. longum BB536 and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V has been used with apparent safety from about 4 weeks before the expected due date until delivery (111015). Also, a combination of B. longum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei has been used with apparent safety from 2 months prior to delivery until 2 months after delivery during lactation (90285).
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in amounts commonly found in foods. Bilberry has Generally Recognized As Safe status (GRAS) for use in foods in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately for medicinal purposes. Bilberry fruit extracts have been used with apparent safety in clinical trials at a dose of up to 160 mg daily for up to 6 months (39,40,8139,9739,14280,35472,35510,35512,103190,104192,104195). A higher bilberry extract dose of 1.4 grams daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 4 weeks (104194). Whole bilberries or bilberry juice have also been consumed with apparent safety in quantities of 100-160 grams daily for up to 35 days (35463,91506).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when the leaves are used orally in high doses or for a prolonged period. Death can occur with chronic use of 1.5 gram/kg daily (2).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in the amounts commonly found in foods.
However, there is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of bilberry when used in medicinal amounts during pregnancy and lactation; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Blueberry, as the whole fruit, juice, or in a powder formulation, is safe when consumed in amounts commonly found in foods (13533,92387,92388,92394,96467,97181,99139). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of blueberry when used topically or when the leaves are used orally.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in amounts commonly found in foods (13533,96465).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods (13533,107281).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of blueberry for medicinal use; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the fruit is used orally in food amounts (96816).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when fungus-infested plants are used orally in large amounts. Poisoning has been reported when individuals ingest fruit from fungus-infested plants (18). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of bog bilberry fruit when used orally in medicinal amounts.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when the fruit is used orally in food amounts (96816).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when fungus-infested plants are used orally in large amounts; avoid using (18).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of bog bilberry when used orally in medicinal amounts.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Lacticaseibacillus casei has been safely used alone or in combination with other ingredients in studies lasting up to 8 weeks (90230,112517).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in children of most ages.
Lacticaseibacillus casei has been safely used alone in studies lasting up to 4 months (14373,107544). Also, a specific mixture (Latopic, Biomed S.A.) providing 1 billion CFUs of L. casei ŁOCK 0919 50%, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ŁOCK 0900 25%, and L. rhamnosus ŁOCK 0908 25% has been used with apparent safety for 3 months in children under 2 years of age (107510). In addition, in children ages 4-17 years, a 1:1:1 combination of L. casei CECT 9104, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145, and Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 providing 1 billion CFUs has been used with apparent safety for 12 weeks (107531). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of L. casei in preterm infants with a birth weight under 1000 grams. Cases of bacteremia have occurred rarely in preterm infants given other probiotics (102416,111610,111612,111613,111850,111852,111853). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about cases of serious infections caused by probiotics reported in very preterm or very low birth weight infants under 1000 grams (111610). Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not support the routine administration of probiotics to these infants due to conflicting data on safety and efficacy (111608).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
A combination of Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum has been used with apparent safety for 6 weeks, starting at 24-28 weeks' gestation (95416,98430).
LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of Lacticaseibacillus casei during lactation.
However, there are currently no reasons to expect safety concerns when used appropriately.
LIKELY SAFE ...when live or heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei are used orally and appropriately. Live L. paracasei alone or in combination with other probiotics has been safely used in studies lasting up to 4 years (6087,14370,14371,35393,35407,103440,105133,107555,107557,110979)(111937,111938,111940,111943,111948,111950,111951,111953,111954,111955)(111958,111959,112512,112513,112518,112519). Non-viable, heat-killed L. paracasei has been safely used in studies lasting up to 3 months (111939,111940,111947). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of live or non-viable, heat-killed L. paracasei when used topically.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in children of most ages.
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei alone or in combination with Limosilactobacillus fermentum has been used with apparent safety for up to 3 months in children 1-18 years old (98440). Also, live or heat-killed L. paracasei LP-33 has been used with apparent safety for 30 days in children aged 5 years and older (107532). In children ages 2-12 years, a specific combination product (Visbiome, ExeGi Pharma) containing L. paracasei and seven other probiotics has been used safely for 3 months (107497). Also, L. paracasei has been used with apparent safety in combination with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum for up to 12 weeks (107556). L. paracasei DN-114 011 has been taken safely for 90 days in children ages 3-6 years in fermented milk (DanActive, Dannon) (112515). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of L. paracasei in preterm infants with a birth weight under 1000 grams. Cases of bacteremia have occurred rarely in preterm infants given other probiotics (102416,111610,111612,111613,111850,111852,111853). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about cases of serious infections caused by probiotics reported in very preterm or very low birth weight infants under 1000 grams (111610). Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not support the routine administration of probiotics to these infants due to conflicting data on safety and efficacy (111608).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
A combination of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium longum from 2 months prior to delivery until 2 months after delivery has been used with apparent safety (90285).
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Lactobacillus acidophilus has been safely used as part of multi-ingredient probiotic products in studies lasting up to nine months (1731,6087,14370,14371,90231,90296,92255,103438,12775,107581)(110950,110970,110979,110998,111785,111793). ...when used intravaginally and appropriately. L. acidophilus has been used safely in studies lasting up to 12 weeks (12108,13176,13177,90265). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of non-viable, heat-killed L. acidophilus formulations when used orally.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in children of most ages.
Lactobacillus acidophilus has been safely used for up to 5 days (96887). Also, combination probiotics containing L. acidophilus have been used with apparent safety in various doses and durations. L. acidophilus has been combined with Bifidobacterium animalis (HOWARU Protect, Danisco) for up to 6 months in children 3-5 years old (16847), with Bifidobacterium bifidum for 6 weeks (90602,96890), with Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Complete Probiotic Platinum) for 18 months in children 4 months to 5 years of age (103436), and in a specific product (Visbiome, ExeGi Pharma) containing a total of 8 species for 3 months in children 2-12 years old (107497). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of L. acidophilus in preterm infants with a birth weight under 1000 grams. Cases of bacteremia have occurred rarely in preterm infants given other probiotics (102416,111610,111612,111613,111850,111852,111853). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about cases of serious infections caused by probiotics reported in very preterm or very low birth weight infants under 1000 grams (111610). Similarly, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not support the routine administration of probiotics to these infants due to conflicting data on safety and efficacy (111608).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately.
A combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum has been used with apparent safety for 6 weeks, starting at 24-28 weeks' gestation (95416,98430).
LACTATION:
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of Lactobacillus acidophilus during lactation.
However, there are currently no reasons to expect safety concerns when used appropriately.
LIKELY SAFE ...when unblemished, ripe potatoes are used as food (6).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when unblemished, ripe potatoes are used orally for medicinal purposes (6). ...potato juice 200-300 mL has been consumed daily with apparent safety for up to 4 weeks (97757). ...a single dose of potato extract standardized to 15 mg or 30 mg protease inhibitor 2 (Slendesta, Kemin Foods) has been used with apparent safety (97755).
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when damaged, green potatoes and sprouts are consumed. These contain toxic solanum alkaloids that are not destroyed by cooking and can cause serious adverse effects (6). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of potato when used topically.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when unblemished, ripe potatoes are used orally in food amounts.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of medicinal use of potato in pregnancy and lactation.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Mood+ 50 Billion Guaranteed. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
 Details
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Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Details
Animal research suggests that ashwagandha might lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (19279). Theoretically, ashwagandha might have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs and increase the risk of hypotension.
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Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.
Details
There is preliminary evidence that ashwagandha might have an additive effect with diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin) (3710). This may also occur with other benzodiazepines.
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Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Details
Ashwagandha seems to have sedative effects. Theoretically, this may potentiate the effects of barbiturates, other sedatives, and anxiolytics (3710).
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Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP1A2 enzymes (111404).
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Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that ashwagandha extract induces CYP3A4 enzymes (111404).
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Theoretically, taking ashwagandha with hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
Details
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Theoretically, taking ashwagandha might decrease the effects of immunosuppressants.
Details
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Ashwagandha might increase the effects and adverse effects of thyroid hormone.
Details
Concomitant use of ashwagandha with thyroid hormones may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects. Preliminary clinical research and animal studies suggest that ashwagandha boosts thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion (19281,19282,97292). In one clinical study, ashwagandha increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels by 41.5% and 19.6%, respectively, and reduced serum TSH levels by 17.4% from baseline in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism (97292).
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Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium lactis with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. lactis.
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Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium. bifidum with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. bifidum.
Details
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Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium breve with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. breve.
Details
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Theoretically, taking Bifidobacterium longum with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of B. longum.
Details
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Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, bilberry leaf or fruit extract may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
Animal research suggests that bilberry leaf extract might have blood glucose-lowering activity (1264). Also, one small clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes shows that taking bilberry fruit extract 470 mg as a single dose prior to an oral glucose tolerance test lowers plasma glucose levels when compared with placebo (91507).
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Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Details
Animal research shows that exposure to small concentrations of bilberry extract in drinking water for around one month increased CYP2E1 activity by 31%. However, exposure over a 2-month period did not increase CYP2E1 activity (103191). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might reduce the efficacy of erlotinib.
Details
In vitro research suggests that bilberry fruit extract and its constituents, delphinidin and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit the activity of erlotinib (97031). This interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, blueberries or blueberry leaf extracts might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, blueberry juice might increase blood levels of buspirone.
Details
In vitro research shows that blueberry juice can inhibit the metabolism of buspirone, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking 300 mL of blueberry juice 30 minutes before taking buspirone hydrochloride 10 mg does not significantly affect the concentration or clearance of buspirone (92385).
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Theoretically, blueberry juice might increase blood levels of flurbiprofen.
Details
In vitro research shows that blueberry juice can inhibit the metabolism of flurbiprofen, possibly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking 300 mL of blueberry juice 30 minutes before taking flurbiprofen 100 mg does not significantly affect the concentration or clearance of flurbiprofen (92385).
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Theoretically, taking Lacticaseibacillus casei with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. casei.
Details
L. casei preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms (1740). Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. casei preparations by at least two hours.
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Theoretically, taking Lacticaseibacillus paracasei with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. paracasei.
Details
L. paracasei preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms (1740). Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. paracasei preparations by at least two hours.
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Theoretically, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of L. acidophilus.
Details
L. acidophilus preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms (1740). Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and L. acidophilus preparations by at least two hours.
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In humans, consuming potatoes prior to preoperative fasting prolongs the duration of the succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular block and slows recovery from anesthesia. This interaction is possibly related to inhibition of the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme by potato glycoalkaloids (97756).
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Theoretically, concomitant use of potato may enhance the effects of thrombolytic drugs. A carboxypeptidase inhibitor isolated from potato tubers may have inhibitory effects on thrombin-activatable thrombolysis inhibitor, and thereby enhance the activity of thrombolytic agents (474,475).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Mood+ 50 Billion Guaranteed. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, ashwagandha seems to be well-tolerated.
Topically, no adverse effects have been reported. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea, gastrointestinal upset, nausea, and vomiting. However, these adverse effects do not commonly occur with typical doses.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Some case reports raise concerns about acute hepatitis, acute liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, the need for liver transplantation, and death due to liver failure with ashwagandha treatment.
Dermatologic ...Orally, dermatitis has been reported in three of 42 patients in a clinical trial (19276).
Endocrine ...A case report describes a 73-year-old female who had taken an ashwagandha root extract (unspecified dose) for 2 years to treat hypothyroidism which had been previously managed with levothyroxine. The patient was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism after presenting with supraventricular tachycardia, chest pain, tremor, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, hair thinning, and low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Hyperthyroidism resolved after discontinuing ashwagandha (108745). Additionally, an otherwise healthy adult who was taking ashwagandha extract orally for 2 months experienced clinical and laboratory-confirmed thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotoxicosis resolved 50 days after discontinuing ashwagandha, without other treatment (114111). Another case report describes a 37-year-old female who presented with moderate symptomatic hyponatremia secondary to adrenal insufficiency after chronic consumption of ashwagandha for 2 years. This subject was effectively managed with oral hydrocortisone (114790).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, large doses may cause gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, and vomiting secondary to irritation of the mucous and serous membranes (3710). When taken orally, nausea and abdominal pain (19276,110490,113609) and gastritis and flatulence (90651) have been reported.
Genitourinary ...In one case report, a 28-year-old male with a decrease in libido who was taking ashwagandha 5 grams daily over 10 days subsequently experienced burning, itching, and skin and mucous membrane discoloration of the penis, as well as an oval, dusky, eroded plaque (3 cm) with erythema on the glans penis and prepuce (32537).
Hepatic ...Orally, ashwagandha in doses of 154 mg to 20 grams daily has played a role in several case reports of cholestatic, hepatocellular, and mixed liver injuries. In most of these cases, other causes of liver injury were excluded, and liver failure did not occur. Symptoms included jaundice, pruritus, malaise, fatigue, lethargy, weight loss, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and distension, stool discoloration, and dark urine. Symptom onset was typically 5-180 days from first intake, although in some cases onset occurred after more than 12 months of use (102686,107372,110490,110491,111533,111535,112111,113610,114113). Laboratory findings include elevated aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin, and international normalized ratio (INR) (112111,113610,114113). In most cases, liver enzymes normalized within 1-5 months after discontinuation of ashwagandha (102686,107372,110491,111535,112111,114113). However, treatment with corticosteroids, lactulose, ornithine, ursodeoxycholic acid, and plasmapheresis, among other interventions, was required in one case (111533). Rarely, use of oral ashwagandha has been reported to cause hepatic encephalopathy, liver failure requiring liver transplantation, and acute-on-chronic liver failure resulting in death (110490,113610).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, ashwagandha has been reported to cause drowsiness (110492,113609). Headache, neck pain, and blurry vision have been reported in a 47-year-old female taking ashwagandha, cannabis, and venlafaxine. Imaging over the course of multiple years and hospital admissions indicated numerous instances of intracranial hemorrhage and multifocal stenosis of intracranial arteries, likely secondary to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) (112113). It is unclear whether the RCVS and subsequent intracranial hemorrhages were precipitated by ashwagandha, cannabis, or venlafaxine.
General
...Orally, Bifidobacterium lactis seems to be well tolerated by most patients.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: There is concern that probiotics may cause infections in some people.
Dermatologic ...In clinical research, two cases of rash, one with itching, were reported by patients taking a combination of Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei F19, and Lactobacillus acidophilus La5. However, it is not clear if these adverse effects were due to B. lactis, other probiotics, or the combination, or if the events were idiosyncratic (90236).
Gastrointestinal ...Bloating and flatulence have been reported with probiotic use; however, these adverse effects have not been reported from ingestion of Bifidobacterium lactis in particular. When taken orally, B. lactis can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal complaints in children (3169,95381,105149). Gastrointestinal complaints including worsening diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, stomach burn, and flatulence have been reported rarely (110986,110999).
Immunologic
...There have been cases of Bifidobacterium bacteremia in critically ill patients (102416,107599).
These cases are rare and none seem to be due to Bifidobacterium lactis alone.
A specific preparation (NBL probiotic ATP, Nobel) containing B. lactis, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, colostrum, and lactoferrin was found to be a significant risk factor for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization in premature infants. Although there was no direct link to determine causation, it was hypothesized that the probiotic mixture helped to mediate the acquisition and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (96890).
General
...Orally, Bifidobacterium bifidum seems to be well tolerated by most patients.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: There is concern that probiotics may cause infections in some people.
Gastrointestinal ...Bloating and flatulence have been reported with probiotic use; however, these adverse effects have not been reported from ingestion of Bifidobacterium bifidum in particular. One case of vomiting and fever has been reported in a clinical study for a single child taking B. bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. It is unclear if the probiotics were the causal agent (90286).
Immunologic ...There have been cases of Bifidobacterium sepsis in critically ill patients (102416,107599). However, these cases are rare and none seem to be due to Bifidobacterium bifidum.
General
...Orally, Bifidobacterium breve seems to be well tolerated by most patients.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: There is concern that B. breve may cause bacteremia in certain patients.
Gastrointestinal ...Bloating and flatulence have been reported with probiotic use; however, these adverse effects have not been reported from ingestion of Bifidobacterium breve in particular.
Immunologic
...There have been rare cases of Bifidobacterium bacteremia related to probiotic use in critically ill infants and adults (102416,107597,107599).
In addition, cases of B. breve bacteremia have occurred in preterm infants or young children using probiotics (102416,107597). In a review of 298 term and preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a hospital in Japan and received B. breve BBG-01 over a five-year period, bacteremia occurred in six patients (2%). Concomitant conditions included gastrointestinal perforation, food-induced enterocolitis syndrome, adhesive ileus, ileal volvulus, and aspiration pneumonia following esophageal atresia repair (107597). In one case report, B. breve BBG-01 was provided to an infant starting two days after birth and the day of surgery for an omphalocele. The infant also had bilious gastric fluid with elevated inflammatory markers. It is thought that the intestinal surgical repair might have led to the translocation of the ingested B. breve (107596).
Some cases of B. breve bacteremia do not seem to be directly related to probiotic use. There have been rare cases of B. breve bacteremia and necrotizing fasciitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. One patient had pre-existing chronic diabetic foot ulcers and the other had abscesses near the groin (111007,111011). A childhood history of frequent consumption of fermented beverages containing B. breve was thought to have resulted in B. breve in the intestinal flora of one of these patients, aged 42 years (111011). However, it is unclear if consumption of an unknown quantity of B. breve more than 20 years previously would play a role in this outcome. There is also a rare case of ventriculoperitoneal shunt B. breve infection possibly related to poor oral hygiene and dentition (111014).
General
...Orally, Bifidobacterium longum seems to be well tolerated by most patients.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: There is concern that B. longum may cause bacteremia in certain patients.
Gastrointestinal ...When taken orally, abdominal discomfort, pain, and distension have been reported rarely (111773,111847,111856). Flatulence has been reported rarely with Bifidobacterium longum when used alone or in combination with other species of probiotics (107520,111773). Other rare gastrointestinal side effects have included constipation and gastrointestinal motor disorder (111773).
Immunologic ...There have been rare cases of Bifidobacterium bacteremia in critically ill infant and adult patients (102416,107599). Various cases of Bifidobacterium longum bacteremia, sometimes presenting as sepsis, have occurred in preterm infants using probiotics (102416,111610,111612,111850,111852,111853). In one case report, a 15-month-old female infant with congenital heart defects and recent surgery to replace a mechanical heart valve developed Bifidobacterium sepsis after being treated with IV antibiotics, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and oral probiotics containing B. longum. It was thought that ECMO contributed to translocation of bifidobacteria from the gut and into the blood (102416). In 5 cases, very-low birthweight preterm infants developed B. longum bacteremia following the use of a specific probiotic product providing B. longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus (Infloran) for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis; antibiotic treatment was required in at least some of the cases (111850,111852,111853). Cases of sepsis related to B. longum have also occurred in adults; however, association with supplementation is unlikely. In one case, sepsis with B. longum occurred following acupuncture. This was likely due to needle contamination and not to supplementation (1236). In another case, a 71-year-old male with liver cirrhosis and prostate cancer developed B. longum lumbar vertebrodiscitis. The source was thought to be translocation from the intestine (111859). A 42-year-old male developed B. longum peritonitis secondary to intestinal perforation (111855).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...When taken orally, a dry cough has been reported by a single patient in a clinical trial (111851).
Other ...When taken orally, weight gain has been reported by a single patient in a clinical trial (111773).
General
...Orally, bilberry fruit, juice, and extracts seem to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Dark-colored stools, flatulence, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Gastrointestinal
...In one small clinical trial, mild-to-moderate flatulence was reported in 33% of patients taking sieved bilberries and concentrated bilberry juice (91506).
However, the patients in this study had ulcerative colitis, and the study lacked a control group, limiting the validity of this finding. In another small clinical study of males with age-related cognitive impairment, temporary adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects were reported in 13% of patients drinking a combination of bilberry and grape juice. However, the adverse GI effect rate was identical in patients drinking a placebo juice (110641). A post-marketing surveillance report of 2295 patients using bilberry extract (Tegens) found that 1% of patients complained of GI discomfort and less than 1% experienced nausea or heartburn (35500).
Theoretically, fresh bilberry fruit may have laxative effects. One clinical trial noted an increased frequency of bowel movements following the administration of a combination formulation containing aerial agrimony parts, cinnamon quills, powdered bilberry fruit, and slippery elm bark (35462). It is unclear if these effects were due to bilberry, other ingredients, or the combination.
Other ...Orally, bilberry may cause discoloration of feces and the tongue. In one study, a dark-bluish to black discoloration of both the feces and the tongue was observed following consumption of sieved bilberries and concentrated bilberry juice. In one patient, a slight discoloration of the teeth has also been observed (91506). In another study, 50% of patients reported dark green stools after taking bilberry extract 700 mg twice daily for 4 weeks (104194).
General
...Orally, blueberry is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting with freeze-dried blueberries.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, freeze-dried blueberries may cause constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. In one clinical trial, 26% of patients taking freeze-dried blueberries 50 grams daily dropped out in the first week of the study due to gastrointestinal complaints (107278).
General ...Bog bilberry fruit seems to be generally well tolerated when consumed in the amounts found in food. There is a limited amount of information available about the safety of bog bilberry fruit when used orally in medicinal amounts.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, poisonings from the ingestion of large quantities of the bog bilberry fruit are rare and were thought to be due to contamination with a fungus, Sclerroyina megalospora, that sometimes grows on bog bilberry (18). The symptoms of poisoning include queasiness and vomiting (18).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, poisonings from the ingestion of large quantities of the bog bilberry fruit are rare and were thought to be due to contamination with a fungus, Sclerroyina megalospora, that sometimes grows on bog bilberry (18). The symptoms of poisoning include states of intoxication, feelings of weakness, and visual disorders (18).
General
...Orally, Lacticaseibacillus casei is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Mild gastrointestinal adverse effects.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: There is concern that lactobacilli may cause infections in some people.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, taking Lacticaseibacillus casei in combination with other probiotics may cause gastrointestinal side effects including abdominal pain (90291); however, these events are uncommon.
Immunologic
...Since Lacticaseibacillus casei preparations contain live and active microorganisms, there is some concern that they might cause pathogenic infection in some patients.
Some lactobacilli species have been isolated in some cases of bacteremia, sepsis, splenic abscess, endocarditis, aortic dissection, necrotizing fasciitis, pancreatic necrosis, and meningoencephalitis. Most of these cases are thought to be due to the translocation of bacteria from other locations in the body in which they occur naturally, such as the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. The majority of cases are not related to the use of probiotic supplements and most are not associated with the use of L. casei (107543,112516). There is at least one case of L. casei bacteremia and endocarditis thought to be related with L. casei intake in a 71-year-old immunocompromised female (112520).
There are two cases of L. casei infection in a prosthetic joint (90282,112514). In one case, the 95-year-old female with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease was known to consume yogurt containing L. casei. However, it was not confirmed that the infection was related to the consumption of this product. Spread from the gastrointestinal tract or vaginal flora could not be ruled out (90282). In the case of an 80-year-old male, the cause was unknown as there was no probiotic supplementation and no underlying medical condition or infectious portal of entry (112514).
A specific probiotic preparation (NBL probiotic ATP, Nobel) containing L. casei, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, colostrum, and lactoferrin was found to be a significant risk factor for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization in premature infants. Although there was no direct link to determine causation, it was hypothesized that the probiotic mixture helped to mediate the acquisition and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (96890).
General
...Orally, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Mild gastrointestinal adverse effects.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: There is concern that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei may cause infections in some people.
Dermatologic
...Orally, in one clinical trial, a combination of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp.
paracasei F19, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 was associated with two cases of rash, one with itching. However, it is not clear if these adverse effects were due to L. paracasei, other ingredients, the combination, or if the events were idiosyncratic (90236).
Topically, a lotion containing the cell free supernatant of L. paracasei was rarely associated with erythema, itching, and scaling (111945).
Gastrointestinal
...Orally, taking Lacticaseibacillus paracasei alone or in combination with other probiotics may cause gastrointestinal side effects including dyspepsia (105133), flatulence (107497), nausea (111952), and bloating (107497,111952); however, these events are uncommon.
There are at least five case reports of acute cholecystitis for which a lactobacilli was thought to be the primary pathogen. In a 66-year-old female, vancomycin-resistant L. paracasei was the primary pathogen resulting in peritonitis secondary to a cholecystitis-induced gallbladder perforation. Although the patient reportedly ate 96-128 oz of yogurt each day, this yogurt was not believed to be associated with the cholecystitis (103443).
Immunologic ...Since Lacticaseibacillus paracasei preparations contain live and active microorganisms, there is some concern that they might cause pathogenic infection in some patients. Lactobacilli species, including L. paracasei, have been isolated in some cases of bacteremia, sepsis, splenic abscess, endocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis, pancreatic necrosis, meningoencephalitis, and prosthetic joint infections. Most cases of L. paracasei infection are thought to be due to the translocation of bacteria from other locations in the body in which it occurs naturally, such as the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract (107543,111942,111944,111946,90282). However, there are case reports of L. paracasei infections thought to be at least partially related to dietary or supplemental intake (90254,107546,95393). In a 77-year-old male who consumed yogurt containing L. paracasei daily, L. paracasei bacteremia with endocarditis was thought to be related to bacterial translocation from the colon following a colonoscopy (90254). In a 78-year-old male, L. paracasei bacteremia and endocarditis was thought to be related to daily use of probiotics; however, the specific species included in the product were not mentioned. Also, the patient was diagnosed with an aortic valve stenosis and had undergone dental treatment approximately 6 months previously, possibly increasing the risk for development of bacteremia (95393). In an immunocompetent 45-year-old male with no history of heart disease, consumption of yogurt containing L. paracasei for about 2.5 years was thought to be associated with the development of endocarditis (107546).
General
...Orally and intravaginally, Lactobacillus acidophilus is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Mild gastrointestinal adverse effects.
Intravaginally: Vaginal discharge.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: There is concern that L. acidophilus may cause infections in some people.
Dermatologic ...Orally, in one clinical trial, a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F19, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lacltis BB-12 was associated with two cases of rash, one with itching. However, it is not clear if these adverse effects were due to L. acidophilus, other ingredients, the combination, or if the events were idiosyncratic (90236).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, taking Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with other probiotics may cause gastrointestinal side effects including epigastric discomfort (90239), abdominal pain (90239,90291,111785), dyspepsia (90239), flatulence (107497,107520), bloating (107497,111785), diarrhea (111785), vomiting (107537), and burping (90239); however, these events are uncommon.
Genitourinary ...Intravaginally, cream containing Lactobacillus acidophilus has been shown to cause increased vaginal discharge in about 5% of patients, compared to about 1% of patients receiving placebo cream (90237). Vaginal burning was reported by one person using intravaginal L. acidophilus and Limosilactobacillus fermentum in a clinical trial (111781).
Immunologic ...Since Lactobacillus acidophilus preparations contain live and active microorganisms, there is some concern that they might cause pathogenic infection in some patients. L. acidophilus has been isolated in some cases of bacteremia, sepsis, splenic abscess, liver abscess, endocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis, pancreatic necrosis, and meningoencephalitis. Most of these cases are thought to be due to the translocation of bacteria from other locations in the body in which they occur naturally, such as the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract (107543,111782,111792). L. acidophilus endophthalmitis has been reported rarely (111787,111795). In one case, it was related to intravitreal injections for age-related macular degeneration in a 90-year-old female with an intraocular lens (111787). In another, it occurred following cataract surgery (111795).
General
...Orally, consuming whole, unblemished, ripe potatoes has not been associated with adverse effects.
Drinking potato juice has resulted in heartburn, abdominal distension, diarrhea, and increased mucus production (97757). Potatoes absorb oil readily, increasing their energy content. Fried potatoes, potato chips, and French fries are commonly associated with weight gain (97752).
The solanum glycosides found in damaged, green potatoes and sprouts can cause sweating, headache, flushing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, thirst, bronchospasm, and restlessness. Deaths have been reported (17,97758). These glycoalkaloids cannot be destroyed by cooking (97758).
When inhaled, potato dust is associated with a high incidence of respiratory symptoms due to bacterial and fungal contaminants (6).
Gastrointestinal
...Orally, potato juice has resulted in heartburn, abdominal distension, diarrhea, and increased mucus production (97757).
Glycoalkaloids found in damaged, green potatoes and sprouts can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and thirst (17,97758). The glycoalkaloids in potato cannot be destroyed by cooking (97758).
Immunologic ...Orally, one case of food-dependent exercise-induced allergic reaction has been reported after potato consumption. A 31-year-old female experienced several acute, exercise-induced allergic reactions shortly after eating. Symptoms included widespread urticaria, palpitation, fever, faintness, vomiting, abdominal pain, and swelling of the eyelids, palms, and soles. Blood tests were positive for IgE antibodies to potato and negative for other foods she had eaten, suggesting that potato was the precipitating allergen (103260).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, glycoalkaloids found in damaged, green potatoes and sprouts affect the nervous system. This can cause sweating, headache, flushing, bronchospasm, and restlessness (17,97758). Severe poisoning can result in paralysis, respiratory insufficiency, cardiac failure, coma, and death (97758). The glycoalkaloids in potato cannot be destroyed by cooking (97758).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...When inhaled, potato dust is associated with a high incidence of respiratory symptoms due to bacterial and fungal contaminants (6).
Other
...Potatoes absorb oil readily, increasing the energy content.
Fried potatoes, potato chips, and French fries are commonly associated with weight gain (97752).
The solanum glycosides (glycoalkaloids) found in damaged, green potatoes and sprouts can cause toxicity at doses of approximately 2 mg/kg, and lethal poisoning at doses of approximately 3 mg/kg (97758). Levels of glycoalkaloids can increase post-harvest due to improper storage at higher temperatures, lower humidity, or areas with light. Also, mechanical damage or exposure to gamma-radiation or fungi increases these levels. Glycoalkaloids are concentrated in the peel; although when levels are high they also increase in the flesh of the tuber. Peeling will remove about 30% of the glycoalkaloids (97758).
